I roto i te hoê tau no te faarahi i te ite no ni'a i te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou e te mau opuaraa etaeta no te parururaa i te mau rave'a, Ua riro te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a ei mea faufaa roa no te mau taiete tapihooraa na te ao nei. I rotopu i te mau rave'a aravihi no te faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a, Ua riro te faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a ei mea ohie roa, ha'apa'ape, e te hoê ravea maitai i te pae faanavairaa faufaa o te taui i te mau tao'a hu'ahu'a i faaruehia ei mau hu'ahu'a e nehenehe e faaohipa - faahou - hia. E nehenehe teie mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia e faaohipahia ei mau tao'a hu'ahu'a apî, e te mau faito ha'utiraa e au i te mau tao'a i hamanihia mai roto mai i te mau tao'a pareteni, no reira, e itehia te tereraa mau o te mau ravea e e faaiti i te hopoia tei faatupuhia e te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i nia i te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou.
Zhuoyue, te hoê taata hamani rave'a rahi no te mau rave'a, Ua fafau oia i te horoa i te mau reni taa ê no te hamani i te mau hu'ahu'a atoa no te mau huru hu'ahu'a atoa, e tae noa'tu i te PP (Te mau hu'ahu'a), PE (Te mau hu'ahu'a), LDPE (Polyethylene iti), RIMA'ERE (Terephthalate), PS (Polystyrene), ABS (Styrene), e te tahi atu â. Na roto i te mau rave'a aravihi apî e te ite hohonu i roto i te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a, Ua faanahohia te mau matini roro uira a Zhuoyue no te faaruru i te mau fifi taa ê o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, te horo'araa maitai, faaherehere i te ito, e te mau faatitiaifaroraa maitai roa no te mau taiete e faaohipa nei i te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a.
1. Te hoê hi'opo'araa no ni'a i te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a
Ua riro te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a ei ohipa taa ê o te taui i te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rahi—mai te mau poti hu'ahu'a, hoho'a teata, mau ipu, Te mau hu'ahu'a no roto mai i te mau reni hamaniraa, e te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i muri mai i te hooraa—i roto i te ahu, Te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a teitei na roto i te mau rave'a rapaauraa matini e te ve'ave'a. Teie mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia, ua pii - atoa - hia te mau regranulates aore ra te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a tei faaapîhia, E nehenehe e faaohipa - oioi - hia i roto i te hamaniraa i te tairiraa, hutiraa, te pupuhiraa, e te tahi atu mau ravea no te hamani i te mau tao'a apî, mai te mau tao'a tapo'i e te mau hu'ahu'a paturaa e tae roa ' tu i te mau tuhaa pereoo e te mau hinaaro i te mau mahana atoa.
Te vai ra te faufaaraa rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i roto i to ' na aravihi no te arai i na fifi e piti o te haapoheraa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a e te ereraa i te mau ravea. Taa ê noa'tu i te mau rave'a anamua no te haapohe i te mau hu'ahu'a, mai te haapoheraa i te mau hu'ahu'a e te tahuraa, o te faatupu i te mau atâtaraa rahi no te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou, E faatupu te faaohiparaa i te mau hu'ahu'a i te mau rave'a mau:
- Te parururaa i te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou: E haamou te haapueraa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i te mau tao'a faufaa rahi o te fenua e e nehenehe te reira e faaino i te repo e te pape i raro i te repo, no te mea ho'i e, eita te mau hu'ahu'a e ino e e nehenehe te reira e faaore i te mau mea ino i te roaraa o te taime. Te tahuraa, i te tahi a'e pae, E faatupu te reira i te mau mǎhu taero (mai te mau dioxins e te monoxide carbone) e te mau hu'ahu'a, te faainoraa i te reva e te mahanahanaraa o te ao nei. E faaiti te faaohiparaa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i roto i te mau vahi haapurara e te mau vahi tahu, te faaitiraa mai i te poiri o te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou e te mau hu'ahu'a atomi.
- Parururaa i te mau rave'a: No roto mai te mau hu'ahu'a i te mau hu'ahu'a tahi eita e nehenehe faahou e faaho'i-faahou-hia (mai te hinu e te mǎhu natura). Na roto i te faaohiparaa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a veve ei mau hu'ahu'a, ua iti mai te hinaaro i te mau tao'a hu'ahu'a, te faaherehereraa i te mau tao'a tahi faufaa roa e te faaitiraa mai i te faaohiparaa i te ito i roto i te hamaniraa i te mau hu'ahu'a. Ia au i te mau mana'o, e nehenehe te faaohiparaa faahou i te hoê ton hu'ahu'a e faaora e tae roa ' tu i te 7.4 te mau barela hinu e te faaitiraa i te mau tao'a tahi carbone na roto i te 1.5 ton.
- Te mau maitai i te pae faanavairaa faufaa: E mea mâmâ a'e te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a faaohipa-faahou-hia i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a pareteni, Te horo'araa i te mau haamâu'araa rahi no te feia hamani. No te mau taiete faaho'i-faahou-raa, te huru no te putuputu, te faaauraa, e te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a e nehenehe e faatupu i te mau moni, Te faatupuraa i te mau ravea apî i te pae faanavairaa faufaa e te mau tiaraa ohipa. Hau atu â, E rave rahi mau nunaa e mau vahi e horoa ra i te mau faaitoitoraa politita (mai te mau haamâu'araa e te mau tao'a haamâu'araa) no te mau taiete faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a, Te haamaitairaa ' tu â i te aravihi i te pae faanavairaa faufaa o te faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a.
Āre'a, tei te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a faaohipa-faahou-hia e te aravihi o te mau tao'a hopea i faaohipa-faahou-hia, tei te huru ïa o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a e te mau mauhaa i faaohipahia. Te mau mea mai te huru e te viivii ore o te mau hu'ahu'a, te aravihi no te faataa e no te tamâ, te anuvera e te faatereraa i te taime no te extrusion, e te hoê faahopearaa rahi to te mau mea atoa i nia i te huru o te tao'a hopea, e te paturaa o te ravea. Āre'a, te faatupu i te hoê mea ohie, Tano, ha'apa'ape, faaherehere i te ito, auhoa i te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou, e ua riro te huru raveraa i te pae faanavairaa faufaa ei tumu no te maimiraa e te faahoturaa i roto i te ohipa hamaniraa tauihaa hu'ahu'a.
1.1 Te mau huru rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a
Ua fifi roa te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia i te huru o te hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, te faito o te viiviiraa, e te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a. I te rahiraa o te taime, E mea ti'a ia farii i te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia mai te mau huru i muri nei:
- Te rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a: E haapapu te rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a i te hoê maa tamau i roto i te ohipa i muri iho (mai te hamaniraa i te tairiraa e te hutiraa), te haamaitairaa i te hoê â huru e te huru o te tao'a hopea. I te rahiraa o te taime, te vai ra te rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia i rotopu i te 2mm e te 5mm, ia au i te mau titauraa no te faaohiparaa.
- Te viivii iti: Te mau mea ino mai te repo, raveroa, Te mau hu'ahu'a metala, pēpa, e te tahi atu mau tao'a e ere i te ahu, e nehenehe te reira e faaino rahi i te aravihi o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia e te tao'a hopea. Āre'a, No te haapapu i te faito iti o te viivii, e mea faufaa roa ia ma'iti e ia tamâ maitai i te mau hu'ahu'a.
- Te mau hu'ahu'a maitai e te mau rave'a: E mea ti'a i te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia ia farii i te mau huru re'are'a maitai e te taheraa, ma te ore e haamǎta'u i te aravihi o te hamaniraa aore ra te huru o te mau tao'a, ia faaohipa oioi i te mau tao'a apî. No te ape i te ino rahi o te hamaniraa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, e titauhia te hoê faatereraa papu i te anuvera e te vitiviti o te kutikuti i te roaraa o te ohipa hu'ahu'a.
- Te mau huru mechanical papû: Te puai o te tensile, te faaroaraa i te taime faaearaa, te puai o te faahopearaa, e te tahi atu mau huru o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia, e tia ia haafatata ' tu â i te mau tao'a pareteni, te haapapuraa e te faaî ra te mau tao'a hopea i faaohipa - faahou - hia i te mau titauraa hautiraa e titauhia ra.
- Te haumi iti: I te roaraa o te taviriraa, e nehenehe te haumi rahi i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia e faatupu i te mau hape mai te mau hu'ahu'a e te mau vavahiraa i roto i te tao'a hopea. Āre'a, No te faaiti i te haumi i roto i te hoê faito e fariihia, e titau-pinepine-hia te mau taahiraa no te faamaraa i te roaraa o te ohipa granulation (I raro nei 0.5%).
1.2 Te mau huru hu'ahu'a matauhia no te Granulation
E nehenehe te mau huru hu'ahu'a thermoplastic atoa e faaohipa - faahou - hia e e hutihia, i te taime a faaohipa ' i i te mau hu'ahu'a (eita e nehenehe e rewa e e faaapî faahou) aita e tano no te faaohipa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a. I rotopu i te mau huru hu'ahu'a matau - roa - hia a'e e faaohipahia ra no te faaohipa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a, te vai ra:
- PP (Te mau hu'ahu'a): Te hoê thermoplastic faaohipa-pinepine-hia e te hoê patoiraa maitai i te mau tao'a tahi, Te mau huru matini, e te faanahoraa. I roto i te mau hu'ahu'a PP matauhia, te vai ra te mau baata hu'ahu'a, mau ipu, caps, e te mau hu'ahu'a hamaniraa. E faaohipa-pinepine-hia te mau hu'ahu'a PP faaho'i-faahou-hia no te hamani i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, Te mau tuhaa o te pereoo, e te mau tao'a tapo'i.
- PE (Te mau hu'ahu'a): Ua tata'ihia i roto i te LDPE (Polyethylene iti) e te HDPE (Polyethylene teitei). E faaohipa-pinepine-hia te LDPE i roto i te mau hoho'a teata hu'ahu'a, Te mau pute, e te mau poti, e faaohipahia te HDPE i roto i te mau farii, nga paipa, e te mau ipu. E au te mau hu'ahu'a PE faaohipa-faahou-hia no te hamani i te mau hoho'a teata hu'ahu'a, nga paipa, e te mau tao'a hamanihia.
- RIMA'ERE (Terephthalate): Te hoê maramarama, hu'ahu'a etaeta e faaohipa-pinepine-hia i roto i te mau poti inu, Te tapo'iraa i te maa, e te mau tao'a fiber. E faaohipa-pinepine-hia te mau hu'ahu'a PET faaho'i-faahou-hia no te hamani i te mau hu'ahu'a polyester, Te mau poti hu'ahu'a, e te mau tao'a tapo'i.
- PS (Polystyrene): E roaa te reira i roto i te rigid (mai te mau au'a hu'ahu'a, Te mau farii maa, e te mau tao'a ha'uti) e te hu'ahu'a (EPS, polystyrene faarahihia) Te mau hoho'a. E nehenehe te mau hu'ahu'a PS faaho'i-faahou-hia e faaohipahia no te hamani i te mau tao'a ha'uti hu'ahu'a, Te mau tao'a faaneheneheraa, e te mau tao'a foam.
- ABS (Styrene): Te hoê hu'ahu'a teitei e te puai o te mau faahopearaa, te etaeta, e te pato'iraa i te ve'ave'a. I roto i te mau hu'ahu'a ABS matauhia, te vai ra te mau ofa'i hu'ahu'a o te mau tao'a uira, Te mau tuhaa o te pereoo, e te mau tao'a ha'uti. E faaohipahia te mau hu'ahu'a ABS faaho'i-faahou-hia no te hamani i te mau hu'ahu'a roro uira, Te mau tuhaa o te pereoo, e te mau hu'ahu'a.
Ua faanahohia te mau reni hamaniraa tauihaa a Zhuoyue no te faaafaro i te mau hu'ahu'a atoa i faahitihia i ni'a, e te mau faanahoraa o te mau rave'a no te faaî i te mau titauraa taa ê no te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rahi.
2. Te rave'a no te faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a
I te rahiraa o te taime, e rave rahi taahiraa faufaa roa ta te huru no te faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a: te haaputuputuraa e te faanahoraa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, te tamâraa, te vavahiraa, te faamaraa, Te mau hu'ahu'a, te toetoe, e te tapa'oraa. E tuhaa faufaa roa ta te taahiraa taitahi no te haapapu i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a hopea i faaohipa - faahou - hia. E nehenehe te mau faataaraa taa ê o te ohipa e taui ia au i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, te faito o te viiviiraa, e te huru hinaarohia o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia.
2.1 Te tai'oraa e te faanahoraa
Te taahiraa matamua i roto i te ohipa faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a, o te haaputuputuraa ïa e te faanahoraa i te mau hu'ahu'a. E ravehia te mau hu'ahu'a veve no ǒ mai i te mau pu e rave rahi, e tae noa'tu i te mau utuafare, Te mau fare hamaniraa tauihaa, te mau fare tapihooraa, e te mau reni hamaniraa. No te mau huru hu'ahu'a atoa e te vai - maitai - raa o te mau mea ino, E mea faufaa roa te faanahoraa no te haapapu i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia.
E nehenehe te faanahoraa e ravehia na roto i te rima aore ra na roto i te matini. E titau te reira i te faataaraa i te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rahi no te mau ohipa faaho'i-faahou-raa nainai e te faanahoraa manual, te iritiraa i te mau mea e ere i te mea ino (mai te metala, pēpa, āru, e te mau hu'ahu'a), e te faanahoraa i te mau hu'ahu'a ia au i te tae e te huru. Te faanahoraa matini, i te tahi a'e pae, E mea maitai a'e e e mea tano a'e no te mau ohipa rahi, ma te faaohipa i te mau ravea aravihi apî mai te faataa - ê - raa (te faataaraa i te pape), te taa-ê-raa, te faataaraa i te mau rave'a hi'opo'araa, e te faanahoraa infrared no te faataa i te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rahi e no te faaore i te mau mea ino.
E mea faufaa roa ia ma'iti maitai no te mea e nehenehe te faaôraa ' tu i te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rau e faaiti rahi i te aravihi o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia. Moekara, E nehenehe te PP e te PET e faatupu i te taa-ê-raa i roto i te extrusion, no te faatupu i te mau huru hu'ahu'a e te mau huru matini o te mau hu'ahu'a.
2.2 Te tamâraa
I muri a'e i te faanahoraa, E horoihia te mau hu'ahu'a no te faaore i te mau mea ino o te mata mai te repo, raveroa, Mōno'i, hinu, Toeraa o te maa, e te mau tapa'o. I te rahiraa o te taime, e rave rahi taahiraa no te tamâ:
- Na mua a'e i te tamâraa: Te iritiraa i te mau mea ino rahi (mai te mau tapa'o, caps, e te mau hu'ahu'a metala) e te repo ino na roto i te horoiraa, te pupuhiraa, e aore râ, te maitiraa rima.
- Te horoiraa: Te tanuraa i te mau hu'ahu'a veve i roto i te hoê faaauraa no te tamâ (I te rahiraa o te taime, te pape e te pape horoi aore ra te alkali) no te iriti i te hinu, hinu, e te toea o te maa. E nehenehe te faahuehueraa aore ra te tamâraa ultrasonic e faaohipahia no te haamaitai i te faahopearaa o te tamâraa.
- Te horoiraa: Horo'a i te mau hu'ahu'a tamâhia e te pape ma no te faaore i te toea o te mau rave'a tamâraa e te mau mea ino.
- Te faaoreraa i te pape: Te tamâraa i te pape hau atu i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a tamâhia ma te faaohipa i te mau centrifuges, Te mau rave'a no te faaore i te pape, e aore râ, te faamaraa i te mata'i no te faaiti i te haumi e no te faaafaro i te ohipa i muri iho.
E ohipa oioi te faahopearaa o te tamâraa i nia i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia. Ma te ore e navai i te tamâraa, e nehenehe te mau hu'ahu'a e viivii, Te faaino nei te reira i to ratou huru faanahoraa e to ratou mau huru. Moekara, I te taime a hutihia ' i, e nehenehe te mau toetoea o te hinu e te hinu e faatupu i te hoê taairaa ino i rotopu i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, e faatupu te reira i te puai iti o te mau hu'ahu'a.
2.3 Te vavahiraa
I muri a'e i te tamâraa e te faaoreraa i te pape, E vavahihia te mau hu'ahu'a veve ei mau hu'ahu'a nainai (mau hu'ahu'a aore ra mau hu'ahu'a) ma te faaohipa i te hoê crusher. E tauturu te vavahiraa i te faarahi i te vahi i nia i te hu'ahu'a, te faaafaroraa i te re'are'a e te anoiraa i roto i te ohipa hutiraa. E tauturu atoa te reira i te faaore i te mau mea ino nainai atoa e toe ra o te nehenehe e tomo i roto i te hu'ahu'a.
Tei te huru e te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a. I rotopu i te mau huru crushers matauhia, te vai ra te mau avae crushers, te mau hama, mau hu'ahu'a, e te mau hu'ahu'a. No te mau hu'ahu'a tauiui (mai te mau hoho'a teata e te mau pute), E faaohipa-pinepine-hia te mau crushers, no te mau hu'ahu'a etaeta râ (mai te mau poti hu'ahu'a e te mau farii), E mea au a'e te mau hama aore ra te mau avae. I te rahiraa o te taime, te vai ra te rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a i rotopu i te 5mm e te 20mm, ia au i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a e faaohipahia ra e te rahi o te hu'ahu'a e hinaarohia ra.
2.4 Te faamaraa
Noa ' tu e ua faaorehia te pape, E nehenehe â te tahi faito haumi e vai i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a vavahihia. E nehenehe te haumi rahi e faatupu i te mau hape mai te mau hu'ahu'a, Te mau tata'uraa, e te ino o te huru o te mata i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia i roto i te extrusion. Āre'a, E titauhia te hoê taahiraa no te faaiti i te haumi o te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a vavahihia i nia i te hoê faito e fariihia (I raro nei 0.5%).
I roto i te mau ravea faamaraa matauhia, te vai ra te faamaraa i te mata'i veavea, te faamaraa, e te faamaraa infrared. Te ravea faaohipa-pinepine-roa-hia ' ' e, o te faamaraa ïa i te mata'i veavea, o te titau i te haapurororaa i te hau veavea (i te hoê anuvera e 80-120°C) no te faaore i te haumi na roto i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a vavahihia. Te faataahia ra te taime no te faamaraa e te anuvera i nia i te huru o te hu'ahu'a e te haumi matamua. Moekara, E mea ohie a'e te PET i te haumi e e titauhia te anuvera teitei (120-160°C) e te mau taime faamaraa roa a'e no te haapapû e, ua tatara-roa-hia te haumi.
2.5 Te mau hu'ahu'a
Te taahiraa faufaa roa ' ' e o te ohipa faaho'i-faahou-raa mai i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, o te hutiraa ïa i te mau hu'ahu'a. E titau te reira i te re'are'a, te anoiraa, e te homogenizing i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a maro ma te faaohipa i te hoê extruder, i muri iho, a huti i te hu'ahu'a rehu na roto i te hoê matini no te hamani i te mau hu'ahu'a tamau, o te faatoetoehia i muri iho e o te tapaohia ei mau hu'ahu'a hoê â huru.
O te extruder te mau ravea faufaa roa ' ' e i roto i teie taahiraa, e te faataa oioi nei te reira i te huru e te aravihi o te ohipa granulation. E piti huru rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a e faaohipahia ra i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a: Te mau extruders twin-screw e te mau extruders hoê. E mau maitai taa ê to te mau huru atoa e e tano no te mau huru hu'ahu'a atoa, mai te faataahia ra i roto i te Tuhaa 3.
I te taime o te hu'ahu'a, e rave rahi mau rave'a faufaa e ti'a ia hi'opo'a-maitai-hia:
- Mā'i'i: E mea faufaa roa te anuvera o te farii e te pohe no te faarehu i te hu'ahu'a e no te haapapu i te hoê anoiraa maitai e te homogenization. E mau vahi re'are'a taa ê to te mau huru hu'ahu'a e rave rahi, e te anuvera o te farii, e tuuhia ïa i ni'a i te 10-30°C i ni'a a'e i te vahi re'are'a o te hu'ahu'a no te haapapû i te re'are'a taatoa. Moekara, I te rahiraa o te taime, e 170-220°C te anuvera o te farii, no te PET râ, e 260-280°C. E nehenehe te anuvera rahi roa e faatupu i te ino o te hu'ahu'a, o te faaiti mai i te mau huru matini o te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia, Noa ' tu e nehenehe te anuvera iti roa e faatupu i te re'are'a hope ore e te ereraa i te anoiraa.
- Te faito kutikuti: E faataahia te faito kutikuti na roto i te vitiviti o te hi'o e te hoho'a o te hi'o. E tauturu te hoê faito kutikuti tano i te faaafaro i te hu'ahu'a rehu, haaparare i te mau mea ino atoa e toe ra, e te haamaitai i te huru o te mau hu'ahu'a. Āre'a, E nehenehe te faito kutikuti teitei roa ' ' e e faatupu i te ino o te hamaniraa i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, o te faatupu i te faaitiraa mai i te ha'utiraa.
- Te vitiviti: E ohipa te vitiviti o te hi'o i ni'a i te throughput, te aravihi no te re'are'a, e te anoiraa i te huru. E nehenehe te mau hi'o vitiviti a'e e faarahi i te haereraa, tera râ, e nehenehe te reira e faaiti i te aravihi no te re'are'a e te anoiraa, Noa ' tu e nehenehe te vitiviti o te mau hi'o e haamaitai i te huru o te anoiraa, e faaiti râ i te reira. Te faataahia ra te vitiviti maitai roa ' ' e i nia i te huru o te hu'ahu'a, te huru, e te huru granule hinaarohia.
- Te faaheporaa: The extrusion pressure is determined by the die design, te vitiviti, and material viscosity. Stable extrusion pressure ensures uniform strand formation and consistent granule size. Excessively high pressure can cause die blockage, while excessively low pressure can result in uneven strands.
2.6 Te toetoe e te taparahiraa
After extrusion through the die, the continuous plastic strands are cooled to solidify them. Cooling can be done using air cooling or water cooling. Water cooling is more efficient and is widely used in large-scale granulation operations, involving passing the strands through a water tank or water spray to quickly cool them to room temperature. Air cooling is suitable for small-scale operations or for plastics that are sensitive to water (mai te tahi mau hu'ahu'a).
Once the strands are cooled and solidified, they are cut into uniform granules using a pelletizer. The pelletizer is typically installed at the exit of the cooling system and can be adjusted to control the length of the granules (usually between 2mm and 5mm). Common types of pelletizers include strand pelletizers, water ring pelletizers, and underwater pelletizers. Strand pelletizers are the most widely used type for waste plastic recycling granulation, as they are simple in structure, Mea ohie roa ia faaohipa, and suitable for most types of plastics.
2.7 Screening and Packaging
After cutting, the recycled granules are screened using a vibrating screen to remove any oversized or undersized granules, ensuring uniform particle size. The screened granules are then dried again (mai te mea e, e titauhia) to remove any moisture absorbed during cooling, then packaged into bags or bulk containers for storage and transportation.
Packaging is an important step to prevent contamination and moisture absorption of the recycled granules. The packaging materials should be moisture-proof and clean, and the granules should be stored in a dry, ventilated, and clean warehouse to maintain their quality.
3. Extruder Selection for Waste Plastic Recycling Granulation
Mai tei faahitihia i nia ' tu, the extruder is the core equipment in the waste plastic recycling granulation process. The selection of the right extruder depends on the type of waste plastic, the desired granule quality, the production volume, and the budget. E piti huru rahi o te mau hu'ahu'a e faaohipahia ra i roto i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a: Te mau extruders twin-screw e te mau extruders hoê. Each type has its own unique advantages and is suitable for different applications.
3.1 Twin-screw Extruders for Recycling Granulation
Twin-screw extruders are widely used in the recycling granulation of engineering plastics and plastics with high contamination levels, mai te ABS, PS, e te PET. They consist of two parallel screws that rotate in the same direction (te tauiraa) e aore râ, te mau e'a taa ê (te pato'iraa) within a barrel. Co-rotating twin-screw extruders are more commonly used in plastic recycling due to their superior mixing and conveying capabilities.
3.1.1 Key Advantages of Twin-screw Extruders
- Easy Material Feeding: Twin-screw extruders have a strong conveying capacity, which allows for easy feeding of crushed plastic pieces, even if they are irregular in shape or have a certain amount of contaminants. This reduces the need for pre-processing of the material and improves production efficiency.
- Short Material Residence Time: The residence time of the material in the twin-screw extruder is short (I te rahiraa o te taime 1-5 miniti) compared to single-screw extruders. This helps to avoid thermal degradation of the plastic, especially for heat-sensitive plastics such as PET and ABS, which can degrade easily when exposed to high temperatures for a long time. Short residence time also reduces energy consumption and improves production efficiency.
- Excellent Venting Effect: Twin-screw extruders are equipped with venting ports that allow for the removal of moisture, volatile gases, and air from the molten plastic. The meshing part of the screws provides effective mixing, and the self-cleaning function of the venting section ensures that the material can achieve complete surface renewal, allowing for efficient removal of volatile substances. This helps to improve the quality of the recycled granules by reducing the number of bubbles and defects.
- Superior Mixing and Plasticizing Effect: The co-rotating twin-screw extruders have strong shear and mixing capabilities, which can effectively homogenize the molten plastic, disperse contaminants, and mix additives (mai te mau mea, mau tao'a pato'i, and colorants) uniformly. This ensures that the recycled granules have consistent properties and good processability.
- Low Specific Power Consumption: Despite their high performance, twin-screw extruders have low specific power consumption (power consumption per unit output), making them more energy-efficient compared to single-screw extruders for certain applications. This helps to reduce operating costs for recycling enterprises.
- High Volume Power: Twin-screw extruders have a high volume power (power per unit volume of the barrel), which means they can process a large amount of material in a small space. This makes them suitable for large-scale production operations with limited space.
3.1.2 Suitable Applications for Twin-screw Extruders
Twin-screw extruders are particularly suitable for the recycling granulation of the following plastics:
- ABS: A high-performance plastic that is widely used in electronic products, Te mau tuhaa o te pereoo, e te mau tao'a ha'uti. ABS is sensitive to heat and requires short residence time and good mixing, making twin-screw extruders the ideal choice.
- PS: Both rigid and foam PS can be recycled using twin-screw extruders. The superior mixing capabilities of twin-screw extruders help to disperse any remaining foam cells and contaminants, ensuring good granule quality.
- RIMA'ERE: PET is highly sensitive to moisture and heat, and requires precise temperature control and short residence time. Twin-screw extruders with good venting and temperature control capabilities are suitable for PET recycling granulation.
- Te mau hu'ahu'a: Other engineering plastics such as PC (Polycarbonate), PA (Polyamide), and POM (Te mau hu'ahu'a) can also be recycled using twin-screw extruders, thanks to their superior mixing and plasticizing capabilities.
3.2 Single-screw Extruders for Recycling Granulation
Single-screw extruders are simpler in structure, lower in cost, and easier to maintain compared to twin-screw extruders. They consist of a single screw that rotates within a barrel, conveying and melting the material through friction and shear between the screw and the barrel. Single-screw extruders are widely used in the recycling granulation of general-purpose plastics such as PP, PE, e te LDPE.
3.2.1 Key Advantages of Single-screw Extruders
- Short Screw Length and Residence Time: Single-screw extruders typically have a shorter screw length compared to twin-screw extruders, resulting in shorter material residence time. This helps to avoid thermal degradation of the plastic, especially for soft plastics such as PE and LDPE, which have lower melting points and are prone to degradation.
- Te moni-faufaa: Waste plastic recycling often involves materials with high levels of contaminants, which can cause significant wear and tear on the extruder screw and barrel. Single-screw extruders are simpler in structure and use less expensive materials, making them more cost-effective to replace and maintain compared to twin-screw extruders. This is particularly important for small and medium-sized recycling enterprises with limited budgets.
- Suitable for Soft Plastics: The material conveying efficiency of single-screw extruders depends on the friction performance of the solid material and the viscosity of the melt. Soft plastics such as PP, PE, and LDPE have good friction performance and low melt viscosity, making them ideal for processing with single-screw extruders. These plastics can be conveyed and melted efficiently, ensuring good granule quality.
- Simple Operation and Maintenance: Single-screw extruders have a simple structure, e mea iti a'e te mau tuhaa tere, making them easy to operate and maintain. This reduces the need for skilled operators and lowers maintenance costs, which is beneficial for small-scale recycling operations.
3.2.2 Suitable Applications for Single-screw Extruders
Single-screw extruders are particularly suitable for the recycling granulation of the following plastics:
- PP (Te mau hu'ahu'a): PP is a soft plastic with good friction performance and processability, making it ideal for processing with single-screw extruders. Recycled PP granules produced using single-screw extruders have good mechanical properties and can be used in a wide range of applications.
- PE (Te mau hu'ahu'a): Both LDPE and HDPE are suitable for processing with single-screw extruders. LDPE, i te pae iho â râ, is a soft plastic with low melt viscosity, which can be conveyed and melted efficiently by single-screw extruders. Recycled PE granules are widely used in the production of plastic films and pipes.
- LDPE (Polyethylene iti): LDPE is commonly used in plastic films and bags, which are easy to crush and process. Single-screw extruders are ideal for LDPE recycling granulation, as they can handle the soft material efficiently and cost-effectively.
3.3 Key Factors for Extruder Selection
When selecting an extruder for waste plastic recycling granulation, the following key factors should be considered:
- Type of Waste Plastic: As discussed earlier, twin-screw extruders are suitable for engineering plastics (ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE) and plastics with high contamination levels, while single-screw extruders are suitable for general-purpose plastics (PP, PE, LDPE).
- Buka hamaniraa: For large-scale production (more than 500kg/h), twin-screw extruders are more suitable due to their high throughput and efficiency. For small-scale production (less than 200kg/h), single-screw extruders are more cost-effective and practical.
- Granule Quality Requirements: If high-quality recycled granules with uniform properties and low contamination are required (such as for automotive parts and electronic products), twin-screw extruders are the better choice due to their superior mixing and plasticizing capabilities. For general-purpose applications (such as plastic films and low-grade injection-molded products), single-screw extruders can meet the requirements at a lower cost.
- Moni here: Twin-screw extruders are more expensive than single-screw extruders, both in terms of initial investment and maintenance costs. Āre'a, enterprises with limited budgets may prefer single-screw extruders for general-purpose plastic recycling.
- Te faaohiparaa i te ito: For large-scale production, energy consumption is an important consideration. Twin-screw extruders have lower specific power consumption, making them more energy-efficient for high-volume operations. Single-screw extruders may be more energy-efficient for small-scale operations due to their simpler structure.
4. Zhuoyue Extruder Series for Waste Plastic Recycling Granulation
Zhuoyue offers a comprehensive range of extruders specifically designed for waste plastic recycling granulation, including twin-screw extruders and single-screw extruders. The extruder series are tailored to meet the specific needs of different types of waste plastics, production volumes, and granule quality requirements, combining high performance, faatupuuruuru, faaherehere i te ito, e te moni. The main extruder series include ZTE series and HTE series, each with unique features and advantages to suit different application scenarios.
4.1 Core Technical Features of Zhuoyue Extruders
All Zhuoyue extruders for waste plastic recycling granulation share a set of core technical features that make them ideal for the harsh conditions of plastic recycling, such as high contamination levels, irregular material shapes, and varying material properties:
- Robust Construction: Zhuoyue extruders are built with high-quality materials (such as alloy steel for screws and barrels) to withstand the wear and tear caused by contaminants in waste plastics. The screws and barrels are treated with special surface treatments (such as nitriding and hard chrome plating) to improve their wear resistance and service life.
- Te faatereraa i te anuvera: The extruders are equipped with advanced temperature control systems, including heating zones and cooling zones, to ensure precise control of the barrel and die temperature. This helps to avoid thermal degradation of the plastic and ensure complete melting and mixing.
- Efficient Conveying and Mixing: The screw designs are optimized for waste plastic recycling, with enhanced conveying capacity and mixing capabilities. Twin-screw extruders feature co-rotating screws with optimized flight profiles to ensure superior mixing and homogenization, area te mau hu'ahu'a ra, ua hamani-taa-ê-hia te mau hu'ahu'a no te haamaitai i te aravihi no te mau hu'ahu'a mo'emo'e.
- Ha'utiraa faahiahia mau: E rave rahi mau tauraa manureva no te faaore i te haumi i roto i te mau matini roro uira, volatile gases, and air from the molten plastic, te haapapûraa i te mau hu'ahu'a teitei e te mau hape iti. Na te ohipa tamâraa ia ' na iho o te tuhaa venting e haapapu i te hoê venting maitai noa ' tu te mau tao'a pohe.
- Hoho'a no te faaherehere i te ito: E faaohipa te mau Zhuoyue i te mau rave'a aravihi no te faaherehere i te ito mai te mau matini roro uira taa ê (VFD) e te mau haamauraa o te mau mori no te faaiti i te faaohiparaa i te ito. E tauturu te reira i te faaiti i te mau haamâu'araa no te mau taiete faaho'i-faahou-raa.
- Mea ohie roa ia faaohipa e ia haapa'o i te reira: Ua papa'ihia te mau extruders na roto i te mau rave'a faaohiparaa ohie e te mau haamauraa ohie, making them easy to operate and maintain. Mea ohie roa ia tatara i te mau viti e te mau farii no te tamâ e no te mono, te faaitiraa i te taime faaearaa.
- Te mau ta'iraa tata'itahi: Zhuoyue extruders can be customized with different screw lengths, diameters, and configurations to meet the specific needs of different types of waste plastics and production volumes. Moekara, extruders for PET recycling can be equipped with special drying systems and venting ports to ensure complete moisture removal.
4.2 Te mau hoho'a ZTE
The ZTE series is Zhuoyue’s cost-effective extruder series, designed for small and medium-sized recycling enterprises and general-purpose waste plastic recycling granulation. This series offers excellent cost-performance ratio, with parameters designed to suit most common waste plastics, e tae noa'tu i te PP, PE, LDPE, and general-purpose ABS and PS. The ZTE series includes both single-screw and twin-screw extruders, providing flexible options for different applications.
4.2.1 Key Features of ZTE Series Extruders
- Excellent Cost-Performance Ratio: The ZTE series is designed to provide reliable performance at a competitive price, making it the ideal choice for enterprises with limited budgets or small-scale production needs. The initial investment and maintenance costs are significantly lower than high-end extruders, while still meeting the basic requirements of waste plastic recycling granulation.
- Versatile Parameter Design: The parameters of the ZTE series are designed to suit most common waste plastics, e tae noa'tu i te PP, PE, LDPE, ABS, e PS. This versatility allows enterprises to process multiple types of waste plastics with a single extruder, improving production flexibility and reducing equipment investment.
- Reliable Operation: The ZTE series adopts a reliable standard transmission system and simple structure, ensuring stable operation even in harsh recycling environments. The screws and barrels are designed to handle contaminants in waste plastics, reducing the risk of equipment failure.
- Low Maintenance Costs: The simple structure of the ZTE series makes it easy to maintain, with fewer moving parts and lower maintenance requirements. The screws and barrels can be easily replaced when worn, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.
- Suitable for Small to Medium-Scale Production: The ZTE series is available in a range of sizes, with throughputs ranging from 50kg/h to 500kg/h, making it suitable for small to medium-scale recycling operations.
4.2.2 ZTE Series Model Parameters
The ZTE series includes both single-screw and twin-screw extruders, with parameters tailored to different types of waste plastics. The following table details the parameters of the ZTE series twin-screw extruders, suitable for ABS, PS, and PET recycling granulation:
| Mā'ohii | Taviri taa ê (N.m/Cm3) | Te mana rahi o te motera (Kw) | Output speed（rpm） | Slot depth ratio D0/Di | Suitable Plastics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 6 | 7.5 | 600 | 1.55 | PS, Small-scale ABS |
| 35 | 6 | 18.5 | 600 | 1.55 | PS, ABS, LDPE |
| 50 | 6 | 55 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE (Small-scale) |
| 65 | 6 | 110 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE |
| 75 | 6 | 160 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP |
| 95 | 6 | 300 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE |
The ZTE series single-screw extruders are mainly used for PP, PE, and LDPE recycling granulation, with parameters optimized for soft plastics. The screws are designed with enhanced conveying capacity to handle the irregular shapes of crushed plastic films and bottles, ensuring efficient production.
4.2.3 Application Scenarios for ZTE Series
The ZTE series is ideal for the following application scenarios:
- Small and medium-sized recycling enterprises with limited budgets.
- General-purpose waste plastic recycling, e tae noa'tu i te PP, PE, LDPE, ABS, e PS.
- Production of general-purpose recycled granules for plastic films, low-grade injection-molded products, and construction components.
- Enterprises new to plastic recycling, thanks to the easy operation and low maintenance requirements of the ZTE series.
4.3 Te mau hoho'a HTE
The HTE series is Zhuoyue’s mid-range extruder series, designed to bridge the gap between cost-effective extruders (such as ZTE series) and high-end extruders. This series combines high performance with high cost-effectiveness, delivering higher output while reducing energy consumption. The HTE series includes both twin-screw and single-screw extruders, suitable for medium to large-scale waste plastic recycling granulation.
4.3.1 Key Features of HTE Series Extruders
- Balanced Performance and Cost-Effectiveness: The HTE series offers higher performance than the ZTE series, including better mixing capabilities, teitei, and more precise temperature control, while maintaining a competitive price. This makes it suitable for enterprises that require higher granule quality but do not want to invest in high-end extruders.
- Energy-Saving and High Output: The HTE series is optimized for energy efficiency, with advanced motor configurations and variable frequency drives (VFD) to reduce energy consumption. I te hoê â taime, the extruders have higher throughput, allowing for medium to large-scale production (500kg/h to 1000kg/h) with lower energy costs.
- Reasonable Torque and Power Configuration: The HTE series has a reasonable torque and power configuration, ensuring stable and efficient production even when processing plastics with high contamination levels or varying properties. The twin-screw extruders have higher torque density, making them suitable for processing engineering plastics such as ABS and PET, while the single-screw extruders are optimized for soft plastics such as PP and PE.
- Dual-Speed Options for Partial Models: Some models of the HTE series are equipped with dual-speed options, allowing for flexible adjustment of the screw speed to suit different types of plastics and production requirements. This expands the application range of the extruders, making them suitable for multiple plastic types.
- Enhanced Wear Resistance: The screws and barrels of the HTE series are made of high-quality alloy steel and treated with advanced surface treatments to improve their wear resistance, ensuring a long service life even in harsh recycling environments.
- Advanced Control System: The HTE series is equipped with advanced PLC control systems, allowing for automatic control of temperature, te vitiviti, te faaheporaa, and other key parameters. This improves the stability and consistency of the granulation process, ensuring uniform granule quality.
4.3.2 HTE Series Model Parameters
The HTE series twin-screw extruders are suitable for ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE, and LDPE recycling granulation, with parameters optimized for high performance and efficiency. The following table details the specific parameters:
| Mā'ohii | Taviri taa ê (N.m/Cm3) | Te mana rahi o te motera (Kw) | Output speed（rpm） | Slot depth ratio D0/Di | Suitable Plastics | Te hooraa (kg/hora) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 9 | 11 | 600 | 1.55 | PS, ABS, LDPE | 50-100 |
| 35 | 9 | 30 | 600 | 1.55 | PS, ABS, PE, LDPE | 100-200 |
| 35 | 9 | 45 | 1000 | 1.55 | PS, ABS, PE, LDPE | 200-300 |
| 50 | 9 | 75 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP | 300-500 |
| 50 | 9 | 110 | 900 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP | 500-700 |
| 65 | 9 | 160 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE | 700-900 |
| 65 | 9 | 220 | 900 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE | 900-1200 |
| 75 | 9 | 250 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE, LDPE | 1200-1500 |
| 75 | 9 | 315 | 900 | 1.55/1.68 | ABS, PS, RIMA'ERE, PP, PE, LDPE | 1500-1800 |
| 95 | 9 | 400 | 600 | 1.55/1.68 | All common waste plastics | 1800-2200 |
The HTE series single-screw extruders are optimized for PP, PE, and LDPE recycling granulation, with higher throughput and better energy efficiency compared to the ZTE series. They are suitable for medium to large-scale production of recycled granules for plastic films, nga paipa, e te mau tao'a hamanihia.
4.3.3 Application Scenarios for HTE Series
The HTE series is ideal for the following application scenarios:
- Medium to large-scale recycling enterprises with higher granule quality requirements.
- Recycling of multiple types of waste plastics, e tae noa'tu i te PP, PE, LDPE, ABS, PS, e te PET.
- Production of high-quality recycled granules for automotive parts, electronic product accessories, and high-grade injection-molded products.
- Enterprises that focus on energy efficiency and cost reduction, thanks to the energy-saving design of the HTE series.
4.4 Customized Solutions from Zhuoyue
In addition to the standard ZTE and HTE series, Zhuoyue also provides customized extruder solutions for special waste plastic recycling needs. Moekara:
- Customized extruders for high-contamination waste plastics, equipped with enhanced filtering systems to remove contaminants.
- Extruders for heat-sensitive plastics such as PET and PC, equipped with special drying systems and low-shear screws to avoid thermal degradation.
- Complete recycling granulation production lines, including crushers, dryers, Te mau hu'ahu'a, mau hu'ahu'a, and screening equipment, to provide a one-stop solution for enterprises.
Zhuoyue’s professional R&D team works closely with customers to understand their specific needs and provide tailored solutions that meet their production requirements and budget.
5. Best Practices for Waste Plastic Recycling Granulation with Zhuoyue Extruders
To ensure the best performance and granule quality when using Zhuoyue extruders for waste plastic recycling granulation, the following best practices are recommended:
5.1 Proper Sorting and Cleaning
Effective sorting and cleaning are essential to reduce the wear and tear on the extruder and ensure high-quality granules. Separate different types of plastics to avoid mixing, and remove non-plastic contaminants (mai te metala, pēpa, and glass) as much as possible. Thoroughly clean the waste plastics to remove oil, hinu, e te toea o te maa, which can affect the mixing and plasticizing effect.
5.2 Optimal Drying
Ensure that the crushed plastic pieces are properly dried to reduce the moisture content to below 0.5%. For moisture-sensitive plastics such as PET, use high-temperature drying (120-160°C) for a sufficient period to ensure complete moisture removal. This helps to avoid bubbles and defects in the recycled granules.
5.3 Precise Process Parameter Control
Adjust the extruder parameters (mai te anuvera, te vitiviti, e te faaheporaa) according to the type of waste plastic. Follow the recommended parameter settings provided by Zhuoyue, and make adjustments based on the actual material properties and granule quality. Avoid excessively high temperatures or shear rates, which can cause plastic degradation.
5.4 Regular Maintenance
Regularly inspect and maintain the extruder to ensure its normal operation. Clean the screws and barrels regularly to remove any accumulated material or contaminants. Check the wear of the screws and barrels, and replace them when necessary. Lubricate the moving parts regularly to reduce friction and extend the service life of the extruder.
5.5 Use of Additives (If Necessary)
For waste plastics with severe degradation or poor performance, consider adding additives such as stabilizers, mau tao'a pato'i, and plasticizers to improve the quality of the recycled granules. Consult Zhuoyue’s technical team to select the appropriate additives and dosage.
6. Tā'ei
Waste plastic recycling granulation is a critical technology for realizing resource circulation and environmental protection, offering significant economic, te mau mea e haaati ra ia tatou, and social benefits. The quality and efficiency of the granulation process depend largely on the extruder used, and selecting the right extruder is essential for the success of a plastic recycling enterprise.
Ua hamani - taa - ê - hia te mau hoho'a ZTE a Zhuoyue e te mau hoho'a HTE no te faaohipa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a hu'ahu'a, combining high performance, faatupuuruuru, faaherehere i te ito, e te moni. E horo'a te mau faanahoraa ZTE i te hoê faatitiaifaroraa moni no te mau taiete iti e te afaro, e no te faaohipa faahou i te mau hu'ahu'a, area te mau hoho'a HTE ra, te horo'a nei ïa i te hoê ha'utiraa au noa e te moni no te hamaniraa i te mau hoho'a rahi e te mau titauraa maitai a'e. Na roto i te hoê paturaa puai, te faatereraa papu i te anuvera, Te mau aravihi no te anoi, e te mau haamauraa, E nehenehe te mau hu'ahu'a Zhuoyue e faaohipa i te mau huru hu'ahu'a atoa, mai te PP e te PE e tae atu i te ABS e te PET, Te horo'araa i te mau hu'ahu'a faaho'i-faahou-hia no te mau huru faaohiparaa e rave rahi.
Ei ti'a faatere no te mau rave'a aravihi apî, Ua fafau o Zhuoyue i te horoa i te mau haapiiraa aravihi, ti'aturihia, e te mau rave'a faatitiaifaroraa moni no te ohipa hamaniraa tauihaa hu'ahu'a. Me te toro'a R&D, Te mau tao'a maitai roa, and comprehensive after-sales service, Zhuoyue helps enterprises unlock the full potential of waste plastic recycling, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.