Filler Masterbatch Línies de producció de granulació avançada i aplicació de tecnologia d'extrusió

Amb el ràpid desenvolupament de la indústria mundial del plàstic, la demanda de productes plàstics augmenta dia a dia, i els requisits per al rendiment del producte, el control de costos i la protecció del medi ambient també són cada cop més estrictes. Masterbatch de farciment, com a additiu funcional clau en el processament de plàstics, s'ha utilitzat àmpliament en diversos camps de la producció de plàstics a causa dels seus avantatges de reduir els costos de producció, millorar el rendiment del producte i optimitzar l'eficiència del processament. Ens comprometem a proporcionar línies de producció de granulació avançades i extrusores d'alt rendiment per a diversos tipus de masterbatch de farciment, confiant en una rica experiència en investigació, desenvolupament i fabricació de tecnologia d'extrusió, per oferir objectiu, solucions de processament eficients i fiables per als fabricants de masterbatch de farciment, ajudar les empreses a millorar l'eficiència de la producció, garantir la qualitat del producte, i obtenir un avantatge competitiu en la ferotge competència del mercat.

Aquest article es centrarà en el camp del masterbatch de farciment, aprofundir en els conceptes bàsics, classificació, procés de producció de masterbatch de farciment, el paper central de la tecnologia d'extrusió en la seva producció de granulació, els avantatges de la nostra sèrie d'extrusores i la seva adaptació específica al processament de masterbatch de farciment, així com els camps d'aplicació específics, mètodes d'ús i problemes i solucions comuns en la producció. Complementarà paràmetres tècnics detallats, els detalls del procés i els problemes de la indústria per enriquir el contingut, complir el requisit de recompte de paraules de 3000-4000 paraules, i proporcioneu una referència completa i professional per a empreses i professionals rellevants de la indústria del masterbatch de farciment.

1. Visió general de la indústria del Masterbatch de farciment i les característiques del producte

1.1 Situació actual i tendència de desenvolupament de la indústria del Masterbatch de farciment

En els darrers anys, impulsat pel ràpid desenvolupament de les indústries aigües avall com ara l'envasament, construcció, automoció, electrònica i necessitats diàries, el mercat global del masterbatch de farciment ha mostrat una tendència de creixement constant. Filler masterbatch is a kind of composite material which is made by mixing, fusió, extruding and granulating inorganic fillers (com el carbonat de calci, talc, sulfat de bari, etc.) with polymer carriers (such as polyethylene, polipropilè, clorur de polivinil, etc.) and appropriate additives (such as dispersants, compatibilitzadors, lubricants, etc.) in a certain proportion. Its core function is to reduce the production cost of plastic products while improving or maintaining the basic performance of plastic products.

Segons dades estadístiques rellevants, the global filler masterbatch market size has exceeded 20 mil milions de dòlars dels EUA, i s'espera que mantingui una taxa de creixement de 6%-9% en els propers anys. Entre ells, carbonat de calci (CaCO3) filler masterbatch is the most widely used product type, comptabilitzar més de 60% of the total filler masterbatch market, followed by talc filler masterbatch, sulfat de bari (BaSO4) filler masterbatch and other special filler masterbatches. The Asia-Pacific region is the world’s largest filler masterbatch production and consumption market, comptabilitzar més de 50% de la quota de mercat global, which is mainly due to the rapid development of the plastic processing industry in China, Índia i altres països, the huge demand for cost reduction and performance improvement of plastic products, and the continuous improvement of industrial supporting capacity.

The development trend of the filler masterbatch industry is mainly reflected in four aspects: primer, alt rendiment i funcionalització. With the upgrading of downstream plastic product requirements, filler masterbatch is no longer limited to cost reduction, but gradually develops towards functionalization, such as improving the rigidity, duresa, resistència a la calor, weather resistance and barrier properties of plastic products, and developing special functional filler masterbatches such as flame retardant, antistatic and antibacterial; segon, alta quantitat d'ompliment i bona dispersibilitat. Sota la premissa de garantir el rendiment del producte, augmentar la quantitat d'ompliment de farciments inorgànics pot reduir encara més els costos de producció, que imposa requisits més alts a la dispersibilitat del masterbatch de farciment: una excel·lent dispersibilitat pot garantir que el farciment es distribueixi uniformement a la matriu plàstica, evitant l'aparició de taques blanques, taques negres o aglomeració en el producte final; tercer, protecció del medi ambient i baixa contaminació. Amb l'enfortiment de les polítiques globals de protecció del medi ambient i la millora de la conscienciació sobre la protecció del medi ambient, Els fabricants de masterbatch de farciment estan adoptant progressivament additius i processos de producció respectuosos amb el medi ambient, reduir l'emissió de substàncies nocives, i desenvolupar un masterbatch de farciment degradable per adaptar-se a la tendència de desenvolupament dels plàstics verds; quart, intel·ligència i eficiència dels equips de producció. Per tal de satisfer la gran escala, necessitats de producció contínua i d'alta qualitat de masterbatch de farciment, Els fabricants introdueixen constantment línies de producció de granulació avançades i sistemes de control intel·ligents, millora de l'eficiència de la producció, reduir els costos laborals i garantir l'estabilitat de la qualitat del producte.

En aquest context, tecnologia de granulació per extrusió, com a tecnologia bàsica de la producció de masterbatch de farciment, s'ha convertit en la clau per determinar la qualitat del masterbatch de farciment i la competitivitat de les empreses. El rendiment de les extrusores afecta directament la dispersibilitat, forma de partícula, índex de fusió i altres indicadors clau del masterbatch de farciment. Les nostres extrusores professionals i línies de producció de granulació per a masterbatch de farciment es desenvolupen en resposta a les característiques de la indústria i la demanda del mercat, que pot resoldre eficaçment els punts dolorosos en el processament del masterbatch de farciment (com la mala dispersibilitat, mida desigual de partícula, quantitat de farciment baixa, alt consum d'energia, etc.) i ajudar les empreses a aconseguir una producció eficient i d'alta qualitat.

1.2 Classificació del Masterbatch de farciment i les seves característiques bàsiques

El masterbatch de farciment es pot dividir en diferents tipus segons el tipus de farciment, resina portadora, camp d'aplicació i quantitat d'ompliment. Cada tipus de masterbatch de farciment té les seves pròpies característiques úniques i escenaris aplicables. La següent és una introducció detallada a la classificació comuna i les característiques bàsiques del masterbatch de farciment:

1.2.1 Classificació per tipus de farciment:

Aquest és el mètode de classificació més comú per al masterbatch de farciment. Segons el tipus de farciment inorgànic, es pot dividir principalment en carbonat de calci (CaCO3) masterbatch de farciment, masterbatch farcit de talc, sulfat de bari (BaSO4) masterbatch de farciment, i altres masterbatches de farciment especials (com el masterbatch de farciment de caolí, Masterbatch de farciment de negre de carboni, Masterbatch de farciment de fibra de vidre, etc.).

• Carbonat de calci (CaCO3) Farciment Masterbatch: És el masterbatch de farciment més utilitzat amb el cost més baix. El farciment és principalment carbonat de calci lleuger o carbonat de calci pesat. El carbonat de calci lleuger té una mida de partícula fina, bona dispersibilitat i alta blancor, que és adequat per a productes plàstics amb alts requisits d'aspecte i finesa (com ara pel·lícules de plàstic, productes d'emmotllament per injecció); El carbonat de calci pesat té una duresa elevada, bona resistència al desgast i baix preu, que és adequat per a productes plàstics amb alts requisits de rigidesa i control de costos (com les bosses teixides, cintes d'embalatge, canonades, etc.). El masterbatch de farciment de carbonat de calci no només pot reduir els costos de producció, però també millora la rigidesa, resistència a la calor i estabilitat dimensional dels productes plàstics, and has a certain lubricating effect, which can improve the processing fluidity of plastics.
• Talc Filler Masterbatch: The filler is talc powder with layered structure. Talc powder has good mechanical properties, heat resistance and chemical stability. Talc filler masterbatch is mainly used in polypropylene (PP) plastic products, which can significantly improve the rigidity, heat distortion temperature and impact strength of PP products, i s'utilitza àmpliament en peces d'automòbil, home appliance shells, plastic pipes and other fields that require high performance.
• Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) Farciment Masterbatch: The filler is barium sulfate powder, which has high whiteness, good transparency, chemical inertness and radiation resistance. Barium sulfate filler masterbatch is suitable for plastic products with high requirements on transparency, whiteness and chemical stability (com ara pel·lícules de plàstic, ampolles de plàstic, medical plastic products, etc.), i també es pot utilitzar en productes plàstics a prova de radiació (com ara equips de protecció mèdica, accessoris de central nuclear, etc.).

1.2.2 Classificació per resina portadora:

Segons el tipus de resina portadora utilitzada, El masterbatch de farciment es pot dividir en polietilè (PE) masterbatch de farciment, polipropilè (PP) masterbatch de farciment, clorur de polivinil (PVC) masterbatch de farciment, tereftalat de polietilè (PET) masterbatch de farciment, etc. La selecció de la resina portadora està determinada principalment pel tipus de productes plàstics aigües avall. Per exemple, El masterbatch de farciment de PE és adequat per a productes de plàstic PE (com ara pel·lícules de plàstic, bosses, canonades); El masterbatch de farciment de PP és adequat per a productes de plàstic PP (com les bosses teixides, peces d'emmotllament per injecció, peces d'automòbil); El masterbatch de farciment de PVC és adequat per a productes de plàstic de PVC (com les canonades de PVC, perfils, llençols).

1.2.3 Classificació per camp d'aplicació:

Segons el camp d'aplicació dels productes plàstics aigües avall, El masterbatch de farciment es pot dividir en masterbatch de farciment de pel·lícula, masterbatch de farciment de grau d'injecció, Masterbatch de farciment de grau d'extrusió, Masterbatch de farciment de grau de modelat per bufat, etc. El masterbatch de farciment de qualitat pel·lícula requereix una bona dispersibilitat, alta finesa i sense impureses, per garantir que la pel·lícula bufada no tingui taques blanques, punts negres o forats, i manté una bona transparència i duresa; El masterbatch de farciment de grau d'injecció requereix una bona fluïdesa i una mida uniforme de partícula, per adaptar-se al procés d'emmotllament per injecció ràpid i garantir l'aspecte i la precisió dimensional dels productes d'injecció; El masterbatch de farciment de grau d'extrusió requereix una bona estabilitat tèrmica i propietats mecàniques, per adaptar-se al procés d'extrusió a alta temperatura i alta pressió de canonades, perfils i altres productes.

1.2.4 Classificació per quantitat d'ompliment:

Segons la quantitat d'ompliment de farcits inorgànics, El masterbatch de farciment es pot dividir en masterbatch de baix farcit (quantitat d'ompliment 30%-50%), masterbatch de farciment mitjà (quantitat d'ompliment 50%-70%) and high-filling masterbatch (quantitat d'ompliment 70% i més amunt). The filling amount is determined according to the performance requirements of downstream products and the processing capacity of equipment. High-filling masterbatch has more obvious cost reduction effect, but it has higher requirements on the dispersibility of fillers and the performance of extruders—only high-performance extruders can ensure the uniform mixing and melting of high-filling materials, avoiding agglomeration and poor processing fluidity.

It is worth noting that the core performance indicators of filler masterbatch mainly include dispersibility, particle size uniformity, melting index, whiteness (for light-colored products) and compatibility with carrier resin. Entre ells, dispersibility is the most critical indicator—poor dispersibility will lead to uneven distribution of fillers in plastic products, resulting in defects such as white spots, punts negres, agglomeration and brittle products, which seriously affect the appearance and performance of plastic products. Per tant, the selection of advanced extrusion equipment and scientific processing technology is crucial to ensure the dispersibility and overall quality of filler masterbatch.

2. Core Technology of Filler Masterbatch Production: Extrusion Granulation Technology

Extrusion granulation technology is the core technology of filler masterbatch production, which integrates mixing, fusió, cisalla, dispersion and granulation. It has the advantages of high production efficiency, bona qualitat del producte, forta adaptabilitat a matèries primeres i àmplia gamma d'aplicacions. In the production of filler masterbatch, extrusion granulation technology is mainly used to realize the uniform dispersion of inorganic fillers in the polymer carrier, melt and plasticize the mixture, and then extrude and granulate to form granular filler masterbatch with uniform size, good fluidity and stable performance. The quality of extrusion granulation directly determines the key performance indicators of filler masterbatch, such as dispersibility, particle size and melting index.

2.1 Characteristics of Filler Masterbatch Raw Materials and Requirements for Extrusion Equipment

The raw materials of filler masterbatch mainly include three parts: inorganic fillers (such as CaCO3, talc, BaSO4), polymer carriers (com el PE, PP, PVC) i additius (such as dispersants, compatibilitzadors, lubricants, antioxidants, etc.). The characteristics of these raw materials are quite different, which puts forward special requirements for extrusion equipment:

Primer, els farcits inorgànics tenen una alta duresa, Poca compatibilitat amb els transportadors de polímers, i són fàcils d'aglomerar. La majoria de farciments inorgànics (such as CaCO3, talc) són hidròfils, mentre que els portadors de polímers són hidròfobs, que condueix a una mala compatibilitat entre farcits i portadors. Si la barreja i la cisalla són insuficients, els farcits s'aglomeraran, que no es poden dispersar uniformement en el portador, resultant en una mala qualitat del masterbatch de farciment. A més, l'alta duresa dels farcits inorgànics provocarà un desgast greu del cargol i el canó de l'extrusora durant el procés d'extrusió, que requereix que el cargol i el canó de l'extrusora tinguin una resistència al desgast extremadament alta.

Segon, la barreja de masterbatch de farciment té una alta viscositat i poca fluïdesa. L'addició d'un gran nombre de farcits inorgànics augmentarà significativament la viscositat de la mescla, reduir la fluïdesa del processament, i requereixen que l'extrusora tingui una gran capacitat de transport i força de cisalla per garantir el bon progrés de la fusió, mescla i extrusió.

Tercer, el rang de temperatures de processament és estret. Les diferents resines portadores tenen diferents punts de fusió i estabilitat tèrmica. Per exemple, el punt de fusió del PE és de 100-130 ℃, el punt de fusió del PP és de 160-170 ℃, i el PVC és fàcil de descompondre a altes temperatures (per sobre de 160 ℃). Per tant, L'equip d'extrusió ha de tenir una capacitat de control de temperatura precisa per assegurar-se que la barreja es fongui completament sense descomposició tèrmica, i evitar la descomposició dels additius i el deteriorament del rendiment del producte.

A partir de les característiques anteriors, Les extrusores d'un sol cargol no són adequades per a la producció a gran escala i d'alta qualitat de masterbatch de farciment. Com que l'extrusora d'un sol cargol té un rang de cisalla estret, poca capacitat de bombeig i sense efecte d'auto-neteja. Quan es processen mescles d'alta viscositat i d'alta càrrega, és fàcil provocar acumulació de material, bloqueig i mescla desigual al barril de l'extrusora, resultant en una mala dispersibilitat del masterbatch de farciment, mida desigual de partícules i qualitat del producte inestable. A més, l'extrusora d'un sol cargol té un alt consum d'energia quan es processen materials d'alta càrrega, i el cargol i el canó estan molt desgastats, que augmenta el cost de producció i el cost de manteniment dels equips de les empreses.

Extrusores de doble cargol, d'altra banda, have obvious advantages in filler masterbatch production and have become the mainstream equipment for filler masterbatch extrusion granulation. Twin-screw extruders have a wider shear range, efecte de bombeig més efectiu i efecte d'auto-neteja, which can effectively solve the problems of poor compatibility, easy agglomeration and poor fluidity of filler masterbatch raw materials. The intermeshing and rotating of the twin screws can generate strong shear force and kneading force, which can fully break the agglomerates of inorganic fillers, make the fillers uniformly dispersed in the polymer carrier, and ensure the dispersibility and stability of the product. A més, the twin-screw extruder has good temperature control accuracy, strong adaptability to raw materials, and can adapt to the processing of different types, diferents quantitats de farciment de masterbatch de farciment, i té una alta eficiència de producció i un baix consum d'energia.

2.2 Principi de funcionament de la granulació per extrusió del Masterbatch de farciment

El procés de granulació per extrusió del masterbatch de farciment és un procés físic i químic complex, que implica la interacció de múltiples factors com la temperatura, pressió, força de tall i temps. El principi de funcionament específic i el flux del procés són els següents:

Primer, pretractament de matèries primeres. Les matèries primeres del masterbatch de farciment (inorganic fillers, resina portadora, additius) han de ser pretractats per garantir la qualitat del producte final. Els passos específics inclouen: 1) Tractament d'assecat: Farciments inorgànics (such as CaCO3, talc) solen ser hidròfils i contenen una certa quantitat d'humitat. Si el contingut d'humitat és massa alt, afectarà l'efecte de barreja i la dispersibilitat dels materials, i fins i tot provocar bombolles al masterbatch extruït. Per tant, els farcits s'han d'assecar en un assecador (com un assecador d'aire calent, un assecador al buit) per reduir el contingut d'humitat per sota 0.5%. 2) Trituració i tamisat: La resina portadora (com el PE, PP) es tritura en petites partícules o pols amb una mida de partícula de 20-40 malla, que és propici per a una barreja uniforme amb farcits i additius. Els farcits inorgànics també es tamisen per eliminar impureses i partícules grans, assegurant la finesa i uniformitat dels farcits. 3) Premescla: Segons la proporció de la fórmula, els farcits secs, partícules de resina portadora i additius (dispersants, compatibilitzadors, lubricants, etc.) es posen en una batedora d'alta velocitat per a la premescla. La velocitat de mescla és generalment 800-1200 rpm, i el temps de barreja és 5-10 minuts. L'objectiu de la premescla és fer que els additius s'adhereixin uniformement a la superfície dels farcits i la resina portadora., improve the compatibility between fillers and carrier, and lay a foundation for subsequent extrusion mixing. The dispersant is a key additive in premixing, which can form a protective film on the surface of the filler, reduce the surface energy of the filler, prevent the filler from agglomerating, and improve the dispersibility of the filler in the carrier resin.

Segon, feeding and conveying. The premixed mixture is sent to the feeding hopper of the twin-screw extruder through a screw feeder or a belt feeder. The feeding speed needs to be uniform and stable, which is matched with the screw speed and extrusion speed of the extruder, to ensure that the materials enter the extrusion cavity stably and avoid material accumulation or insufficient feeding. The feeding device of the extruder is usually equipped with a frequency conversion speed regulation function, which can adjust the feeding speed according to the actual production situation.

Tercer, fusió, mixing and shearing. The materials entering the extrusion cavity of the twin-screw extruder are pushed forward continuously by the rotating screws. The extrusion cavity is composed of a screw and a barrel, and the volume of the extrusion cavity gradually decreases along the axis direction. When the screws rotate, the materials are gradually compressed under the action of the screws and the barrel, and the pressure in the extrusion cavity gradually increases (generally 3-15MPa). Al mateix temps, the materials are subjected to strong shear force and friction force generated by the relative movement between the screws and the barrel, així com entre els filets de cargol.

The shear force and friction force can fully break the agglomerates of inorganic fillers, make the fillers uniformly dispersed in the melted carrier resin, and promote the fusion and compatibility between the fillers and the carrier. The friction force can also generate a certain amount of heat, que es combina amb l'escalfament exterior del canó (calefacció elèctrica o calefacció de vapor) to make the carrier resin gradually melt and plasticize. El canó de l'extrusora es divideix normalment en 3-6 seccions de control de temperatura (secció d'alimentació, secció de fusió, secció de mescla, secció d'homogeneïtzació, etc.), and the temperature of each section is precisely controlled according to the type of carrier resin and filler. Per exemple, when processing PE carrier filler masterbatch, the temperature of the feeding section is 80-100℃, the melting section is 120-140℃, the mixing section is 140-150℃, and the homogenizing section is 130-140℃; when processing PP carrier filler masterbatch, the temperature of each section is 20-30℃ higher than that of PE carrier.

Quart, extrusion and shaping. The fully melted, mixed and dispersed material is pushed to the die head of the extruder by the screws. The die head is equipped with multiple die holes (the number and size of die holes are determined according to the particle size of the masterbatch), and the material is extruded from the die holes at a high speed to form continuous strips of uniform thickness. The temperature of the die head is slightly lower than that of the homogenizing section, which can prevent the material from decomposing due to excessive temperature and ensure the shaping effect of the strips.

Cinquè, cooling and cutting. The extruded strips are sent to a cooling device (such as a water tank, an air-cooled conveyor) for rapid cooling. The cooling temperature is generally 20-30℃, and the cooling time is 2-5 minuts. Rapid cooling can make the strips solidify quickly, maintain the shape and size of the strips, and avoid deformation. Després de refredar, the strips are sent to a granulator for cutting. The granulator is equipped with a rotary knife, which can cut the strips into granular filler masterbatch with uniform size (the particle size is generally 2-5mm, which can be adjusted according to customer needs). The speed of the rotary knife is matched with the conveying speed of the strips to ensure that the particle size of the masterbatch is uniform.

Sixth, screening and packaging. The cut granular filler masterbatch is sent to a vibrating screen for screening, which can remove unqualified particles (such as too large, too small or agglomerated particles) and ensure the uniformity of the product. The qualified masterbatch is then sent to an automatic packaging machine for packaging. Les especificacions d'embalatge es poden ajustar segons les necessitats del client (such as 25kg/bag, 50kg/bossa), and the packaging should be sealed and moisture-proof to prevent the masterbatch from absorbing moisture and affecting the quality. Després d'envasar, els productes s'emmagatzemen en un lloc sec, magatzem fresc i ventilat.

2.3 Key Factors Affecting Filler Masterbatch Extrusion Granulation Effect

The effect of extrusion granulation directly affects the quality of filler masterbatch. There are many factors affecting the granulation effect, incloent principalment les característiques de la matèria primera, formula ratio, premixing effect, paràmetres d'extrusió i estructura del capçal de la matriu. Mastering these key factors and making scientific adjustments can ensure the stability of the granulation effect and the consistency of product quality.

2.3.1 Característiques de la matèria primera:

El tipus, mida de partícula, moisture content and purity of raw materials have a great impact on the granulation effect. Per exemple, the particle size of inorganic fillers directly affects the dispersibility and fineness of the masterbatch. The finer the particle size of the filler (generalment 800-2000 malla), the better the dispersibility, but the higher the cost and the easier it is to agglomerate; the coarser the particle size, the lower the cost, but the dispersibility is poor, which will affect the appearance and performance of the masterbatch. The moisture content of raw materials (especially fillers) should be controlled below 0.5%; if the moisture content is too high, it will cause bubbles in the masterbatch, affect the density and mechanical properties of the product. The purity of raw materials is also very important; impurities in raw materials (such as stones, metals, pols) will not only affect the quality of the masterbatch, but also wear the screw and barrel of the extruder, and even cause equipment blockage.

2.3.2 Formula Ratio:

The formula ratio of filler masterbatch (the ratio of filler, carrier resin and additives) is the key to determining the performance and cost of the product. The filling amount of the filler should be determined according to the performance requirements of the downstream product and the processing capacity of the equipment. Too high filling amount will lead to poor dispersibility, low toughness and poor processing fluidity of the masterbatch; too low filling amount will reduce the cost reduction effect. The type and dosage of additives also need to be reasonably matched. Per exemple, the dispersant dosage is generally 1%-3% of the filler dosage; too little dispersant will lead to poor dispersibility of the filler, and too much dispersant will affect the compatibility between the masterbatch and the downstream plastic products, and reduce the mechanical properties of the products. The compatibilizer is used to improve the compatibility between the filler and the carrier resin; the dosage is generally 0.5%-2%, which can significantly improve the dispersibility and mechanical properties of the masterbatch. The lubricant is used to reduce the friction between the materials and the screw, barrel and die head, improve the processing fluidity, and prevent the materials from sticking to the equipment; the dosage is generally 0.3%-1%.

2.3.3 Premixing Effect:

Premixing is the foundation of extrusion granulation. The uniformity of premixing directly affects the dispersibility of the filler in the carrier resin. If the premixing is uneven, the additives cannot be uniformly adhered to the surface of the filler and carrier, resulting in local agglomeration of the filler, uneven mixing of the materials during extrusion, and poor quality of the masterbatch. To ensure the premixing effect, it is necessary to control the mixing speed, mixing time and mixing temperature. La velocitat de mescla és generalment 800-1200 rpm, the mixing time is 5-10 minuts, and the mixing temperature is controlled at 40-60℃ (appropriate temperature can improve the adhesion of additives and promote uniform mixing).

2.3.4 Extrusion Parameters:

Extrusion parameters are the most important factors affecting the granulation effect, mainly including screw speed, extrusion temperature and extrusion pressure.

• Velocitat del cargol: The screw speed generally ranges from 150 a 600 rpm. The higher the screw speed, the greater the shear force and friction force received by the materials, the better the mixing and dispersing effect of the filler, and the higher the production efficiency. No obstant això, if the screw speed is too high, the residence time of the materials in the extrusion cavity is too short, resulting in incomplete melting of the carrier resin, insufficient mixing of the materials, and uneven particle size of the masterbatch; if the screw speed is too low, the shear force and friction force are insufficient, the filler cannot be fully dispersed, and the production efficiency is low. The screw speed should be adjusted according to the filling amount and type of filler masterbatch—for high-filling masterbatch, a higher screw speed is needed to ensure sufficient shearing and mixing.
• Extrusion Temperature: The extrusion temperature is divided into multiple sections (secció d'alimentació, secció de fusió, secció de mescla, secció d'homogeneïtzació, secció de capçalera), and the temperature of each section needs to be precisely controlled according to the type of carrier resin and filler. The temperature of the feeding section is lower (slightly higher than the melting point of the carrier resin), which is mainly to prevent the materials from caking and ensure smooth feeding; the temperature of the melting section is medium, which is mainly to promote the melting and plasticization of the carrier resin; the temperature of the mixing section is higher, which is mainly to enhance the shear and mixing effect, and promote the uniform dispersion of the filler; the temperature of the homogenizing section is slightly lower than the mixing section, which is mainly to ensure the uniform temperature and viscosity of the materials, and avoid thermal decomposition; the temperature of the die head section is slightly lower than the homogenizing section, which is to ensure the shaping effect of the strips.
• Pressió d'extrusió: The extrusion pressure is generally 3-15MPa. The pressure in the extrusion cavity is mainly determined by the compression ratio of the screw, the die hole size and the screw speed. The higher the extrusion pressure, the better the mixing and dispersing effect of the materials, and the denser the masterbatch particles. No obstant això, if the pressure is too high, it will increase the energy consumption and wear of the equipment, and even cause the die head to block; if the pressure is too low, the materials cannot be fully compressed and mixed, the masterbatch particles are loose, and the performance is unstable.

2.3.5 Die Head Structure:

The die head structure mainly includes the number, shape and size of die holes. The shape of the die hole determines the cross-sectional shape of the extruded strips (such as circular, square), and the size of the die hole determines the initial diameter of the strips and the final particle size of the masterbatch. The smaller the die hole size, the greater the extrusion pressure, the better the mixing and dispersing effect, but the production capacity will be reduced; the larger the die hole size, the lower the extrusion pressure, the lower the production efficiency, but the particle size of the masterbatch is larger. The number of die holes affects the production capacity; the more the number of die holes, the higher the production capacity, but it is necessary to ensure that the pressure distribution is uniform, so as to avoid uneven thickness of the strips and uneven particle size of the masterbatch.

3. Our Extruders: Advantages and Product Series for Filler Masterbatch Production

We have long been engaged in the research, development and production of high-performance extruders and granulation production lines, and have accumulated rich experience in the field of filler masterbatch processing. According to the characteristics of filler masterbatch raw materials (high hardness, poor compatibility, high viscosity) and processing requirements (good dispersibility, uniform particle size, high filling amount), we have developed a series of twin-screw extruders specially suitable for filler masterbatch production. Our extruders have the advantages of high wear resistance, strong shearing force, control precís de la temperatura, stable performance and low operating cost, which can meet the processing needs of various types, diferents quantitats de farciment de masterbatch de farciment (CaCO3, talc, BaSO4, etc.), and help enterprises improve production efficiency, ensure product quality and reduce production costs.

3.1 Main Advantages of Our Extruders for Filler Masterbatch Production

3.1.1 High Wear Resistance, Long Service Life:

Aiming at the problem that inorganic fillers (such as CaCO3, talc) have high hardness and easy to wear the screw and barrel, we adopt high-quality wear-resistant materials and advanced manufacturing technology to ensure the wear resistance of the core components of the extruder. The screw and barrel are made of imported wear-resistant alloy steel (such as 38CrMoAlA), and after nitriding treatment or bimetallic composite treatment, the surface hardness can reach ≥65 HRC, which has extremely strong wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can effectively resist the wear caused by the friction between the high-hardness filler and the components. This greatly extends the service life of the screw and barrel, reduces the frequency of component replacement, and reduces the maintenance cost of the equipment. A més, we also provide professional wear detection services for the screw and barrel. Our technical team will regularly detect the wear degree of the screw and barrel for customers, issue a detailed wear report, and put forward targeted replacement and maintenance suggestions, ensuring that customers only replace components when necessary, avoiding unnecessary waste.

3.1.2 Strong Shearing and Mixing Capacity, Excellent Dispersibility:

The key to filler masterbatch production is to ensure the uniform dispersion of fillers. Our twin-screw extruders adopt an intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw structure, with a reasonable screw pitch, lead and compression ratio design. The intermeshing and rotating of the twin screws can generate strong shear force and kneading force, which can fully break the agglomerates of inorganic fillers, make the fillers uniformly dispersed in the melted carrier resin, and ensure the dispersibility of the masterbatch. The screw is designed with a modular structure, and different screw elements (com ara elements de transport, elements de barreja, elements de cisalla) can be freely combined according to the type and filling amount of filler masterbatch, so as to adjust the shear force and mixing effect, and achieve the best processing effect. Per exemple, when processing high-filling CaCO3 masterbatch, we can configure more shearing elements to enhance the shearing effect and ensure the uniform dispersion of the filler; when processing talc masterbatch which requires high mixing uniformity, we can configure more mixing elements to improve the mixing effect.

3.1.3 Precise Temperature Control, Stable Performance:

Our extruders adopt advanced intelligent temperature control systems, which can realize precise control of the temperature of each section of the barrel and the die head. The temperature control accuracy can reach ±1℃, which can ensure that the carrier resin is fully melted without thermal decomposition, and the additives are not decomposed, ensuring the stability of the product performance. The temperature control system is equipped with a real-time monitoring and alarm function. If the temperature of any section exceeds the set range, the system will issue an alarm prompt in time, and even automatically adjust the heating power or shut down the equipment if necessary, to avoid equipment failure and product quality problems. A més, the extruder is equipped with a high-precision pressure sensor, which can monitor the extrusion pressure in real time. If the pressure is too high or too low, the system will adjust the screw speed or feeding speed automatically, ensuring the stability of the extrusion process.

3.1.4 Wide Application Range, Strong Flexibility:

Our extruder series can adapt to the processing needs of various types of filler masterbatch, including CaCO3 filler masterbatch, masterbatch farcit de talc, BaSO4 filler masterbatch, i altres masterbatches de farciment especials. The filling amount can be adjusted from 30% a 80%, which can meet the different cost and performance requirements of customers. The modular design of the extruder (cargol, barril, morir el cap, etc.) makes the replacement of components more convenient and quick. When customers need to adjust the product type or filling amount, they only need to replace the corresponding components, sense substituir tot l'equip, which reduces the cost of equipment transformation and improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment. A més, our extruders can also be matched with different auxiliary equipment (com ara mescladors d'alta velocitat, dryers, coolers, granulators, screening machines, packaging machines) to form a complete automatic granulation production line, realizing continuous production from raw material pretreatment to product packaging.

3.1.5 High Production Efficiency, Low Energy Consumption:

Our twin-screw extruders have high production efficiency, which is much higher than that of single-screw extruders. The production capacity of our extruders ranges from 100kg/h to 3000kg/h, which can meet the production needs of different scales of enterprises (petit, medium and large). The high-torque drive system and optimized screw design of the extruder can effectively improve the conveying capacity and plasticization efficiency of materials, reducing the residence time of materials in the extrusion cavity and improving production efficiency. Al mateix temps, the extruder adopts an energy-saving design, such as a high-efficiency motor, a heat recovery device, etc., which can reduce the unit energy consumption by 15%-25% compared with ordinary extruders, helping enterprises reduce production costs.

3.1.6 Easy Operation and Maintenance:

Our extruders adopt a PLC intelligent control system and a touch screen operation interface, which is simple and intuitive, fàcil d'operar. The system can store multiple sets of product formulas and processing parameters. When customers produce different types of filler masterbatch, they only need to call the corresponding formula and parameters, without repeated debugging, which saves time and improves production efficiency. The modular design of the equipment makes the maintenance more convenient. The screw, barril, die head and other components can be disassembled and assembled quickly, which reduces the maintenance time and labor intensity. Our after-sales service team will provide professional installation, commissioning and training services for customers, ensuring that customers can use the equipment smoothly.

3.2 Our Extruder Product Series and Their Adaptation to Filler Masterbatch

In order to meet the diverse production needs of filler masterbatch enterprises of different scales and product types, we have launched a full range of twin-screw extruder products, including HTS BASIC series, HTS PLUS series, HTS SUPER series, ZTE series and HTE series. Each series has its own characteristics and targeted adaptation scenarios, which can be selected by customers according to their own production scale, product type, budget and other factors.

3.2.1 HTS BASIC Series Extruders: Cost-Effective Choice for Medium and Small-Scale Enterprises.

The HTS BASIC series extruders are a cost-effective product series independently developed by us, which are specially designed for filler masterbatch processing enterprises with medium and small production scales or initial entry into the industry. This series of extruders uses medium-torque gearboxes from leading European manufacturers, which have the advantages of stable performance, baix soroll, high efficiency and long service life. The medium-torque design can meet the processing needs of most common filler masterbatch (such as low-to-medium filling CaCO3 masterbatch, PE/PP carrier masterbatch), and at the same time, it has a reasonable price, which can help enterprises reduce the initial investment cost.

Pel que fa al disseny estructural, the HTS BASIC series extruders adopt a twin-screw parallel structure, with a screw diameter ranging from 30mm to 65mm, and a compression ratio of 4～8, which can be adjusted according to the type and filling amount of filler masterbatch. The barrel is made of wear-resistant alloy steel with nitriding treatment, and the screw is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy steel, which has good wear resistance. The extruder is equipped with a PLC control system and a touch screen operation interface, which can realize automatic feeding, automatic temperature control, automatic pressure control and automatic cutting, and is simple and easy to operate.

The production capacity of the HTS BASIC series extruders ranges from 100kg/h to 500kg/h, which is suitable for medium and small-sized filler masterbatch processing enterprises that mainly produce common filler masterbatch (such as CaCO3 masterbatch for plastic films, woven bags). One of the biggest advantages of this series is that it can provide flexible options through different configuration combinations. Customers can choose different screw elements, morir caps, dispositius d'alimentació, drying devices and post-processing equipment according to their own product types, production capacity and budget, so as to form a production line suitable for their own needs.

3.2.2 HTS PLUS Series Extruders: High-Performance Choice for Engineering Plastic and Filler Masterbatch.

The HTS PLUS series extruders adopt high-torque gearboxes independently developed and manufactured by us, which have stronger torque and load-bearing capacity than the HTS BASIC series. This series of extruders is mainly used for the processing of high-performance filler masterbatch, such as high-filling CaCO3 masterbatch (filling amount ≥60%), talc masterbatch, BaSO4 masterbatch, and filler masterbatch for engineering plastics (such as PP, PA, PC).

The HTS PLUS series extruders have a screw diameter ranging from 65mm to 110mm, a compression ratio of 5～10, and a screw speed range of 200～600 rpm. The screw and barrel adopt bimetallic composite treatment, which has higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can adapt to the processing of high-hardness fillers (such as heavy calcium carbonate, talc) and high-filling materials. The extruder is equipped with an advanced intelligent control system, which can realize precise control of extrusion parameters and real-time monitoring of production data. The production capacity ranges from 500kg/h to 2000kg/h, which is suitable for medium and large-scale filler masterbatch enterprises that pursue high performance and high filling amount.

A més, the HTS PLUS series extruders have a stronger mixing and shearing capacity, which can fully disperse the high-filling fillers in the carrier resin, ensuring the dispersibility and stability of the masterbatch. It is especially suitable for the production of filler masterbatch used in automotive parts, home appliance shells, high-grade plastic films and other high-performance plastic products.

3.2.3 HTS SUPER Series Extruders: Top-End Choice for High-End Filler Masterbatch.

The HTS SUPER series extruders adopt the latest ultra-high torque transmission device independently developed by us. Aiming at the high torque and high speed characteristics of this series, the structural design of each key component of the extruder has been completely optimized, which is our highest-end extruder series, representing the advanced level of China’s extruder development. This series of extruders is mainly used for the processing of high-end, special and high-performance filler masterbatch, such as high-filling BaSO4 masterbatch (for medical plastics, high-grade films), glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch, flame-retardant filler masterbatch, and filler masterbatch for special engineering plastics.

The HTS SUPER series extruders have a screw diameter ranging from 80mm to 130mm, a compression ratio of 6～12, and a screw speed range of 250～700 rpm. The screw and barrel adopt imported wear-resistant alloy steel and laser cladding technology, which has extremely high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can adapt to the processing of various special fillers (such as glass fiber, carbon black, sulfat de bari) and high-filling materials (filling amount ≥70%). The extruder is equipped with an intelligent PLC + cloud touch screen control system, which can realize remote parameter adjustment, production data monitoring and predictive maintenance of equipment, realizing intelligent production management.

The production capacity of the HTS SUPER series extruders ranges from 1000kg/h to 3000kg/h, which is suitable for large-scale high-end filler masterbatch enterprises that pursue high efficiency, high performance and intelligence. This series of extruders has the advantages of high precision, strong customization, multi-function and stable performance, which can meet the most stringent processing requirements of high-end filler masterbatch.

3.2.4 ZTE Series Extruders: Cost-Effective Choice for General Filler Masterbatch.

The ZTE series extruders have excellent cost performance, and their designed parameters are suitable for most filler masterbatch materials (such as low-to-medium filling CaCO3 masterbatch, PE/PP carrier masterbatch). This series of extruders adopts a simplified and optimized structure, which reduces the production cost while ensuring the basic performance, and is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited budget and general product requirements.

The ZTE series extruders have a screw diameter ranging from 30mm to 50mm, a compression ratio of 4～7, and a screw speed range of 150～500 rpm. The production capacity ranges from 50kg/h to 300kg/h, which is suitable for small-scale production of common filler masterbatch. The extruder is easy to operate and maintain, and the after-sales service cost is low, which is a cost-effective choice for small enterprises and individual workshops.

3.2.5 HTE Series Extruders: High-Efficiency and Energy-Saving Choice for Large-Scale Production.

The HTE series extruders combine high performance and high cost performance, and are designed to reduce energy consumption with higher output. This series of extruders adopts a high-efficiency motor, an optimized screw structure and a heat recovery device, which can reduce the unit energy consumption by 20%～25% compared with ordinary extruders, and has higher production efficiency.

The HTE series extruders have a screw diameter ranging from 65mm to 110mm, a compression ratio of 5～9, and a screw speed range of 200～600 rpm. The production capacity ranges from 500kg/h to 2500kg/h, which is suitable for large-scale continuous production of common filler masterbatch (such as CaCO3 masterbatch, talc masterbatch). The extruder is equipped with a precise temperature control system and a stable pressure control system, which can ensure the uniformity and stability of the product quality. It is suitable for large-scale filler masterbatch enterprises that pursue high efficiency, energy saving and cost control.

3.3 Selection Suggestions for Filler Masterbatch Extruders

When selecting extruders for filler masterbatch production, enterprises need to comprehensively consider their own production needs, product types, quantitat d'ompliment, budget and other factors to ensure that the selected equipment can meet the actual production needs and bring maximum economic benefits. The following are some specific selection suggestions:

3.3.1 Determine the Extruder Series According to Product Type and Filling Amount:

Different types and filling amounts of filler masterbatch have different requirements for extruders. Per exemple, if the enterprise mainly produces low-to-medium filling CaCO3 masterbatch (filling amount ≤60%) and common PE/PP carrier masterbatch, the HTS BASIC series or ZTE series extruders are suitable; if the enterprise produces high-filling masterbatch (filling amount ≥60%), talc masterbatch or BaSO4 masterbatch, the HTS PLUS series extruders are recommended; if the enterprise produces high-end, special filler masterbatch (such as glass fiber reinforced masterbatch, masterbatch retardant de flama), the HTS SUPER series extruders are the best choice; if the enterprise pursues large-scale, energy-saving and high-efficiency production, the HTE series extruders are suitable.

3.3.2 Determine the Production Capacity of the Extruder According to the Production Scale:

Enterprises should select the extruder with appropriate production capacity according to their own production scale and market demand. If the production scale is small (daily output less than 1 ton), the ZTE series or HTS BASIC series extruders with production capacity of 50-300kg/h are suitable; if the production scale is medium (daily output 1-5 tones), the HTS BASIC series or HTS PLUS series extruders with production capacity of 300-1000kg/h are suitable; if the production scale is large (daily output more than 5 tones), it is recommended to choose the HTS PLUS series, HTS SUPER series or HTE series extruders with production capacity of more than 1000kg/h.

3.3.3 Consider the Wear Resistance of the Equipment:

The wear resistance of the screw and barrel is a key factor affecting the service life and operating cost of the extruder. For enterprises that process high-hardness fillers (such as heavy calcium carbonate, talc) or high-filling masterbatch, it is necessary to select extruders with high wear resistance (such as screw and barrel with bimetallic composite treatment or laser cladding treatment), such as the HTS PLUS series and HTS SUPER series, to reduce the frequency of component replacement and maintenance cost.

3.3.4 Consider the Cost-Effectiveness of the Equipment:

Enterprises should not only pay attention to the initial investment cost of the equipment, but also consider the long-term operating cost (com el consum d'energia, maintenance cost, spare parts cost). Per exemple, although the initial investment of the HTS SUPER series extruders is high, their wear resistance, stability and production efficiency are better, and the long-term operating cost is lower; the ZTE series extruders have a low initial investment, but their production capacity and wear resistance are limited, which is suitable for enterprises with limited budget and small-scale production.

3.3.5 Pay Attention to the After-Sales Service of the Equipment:

The after-sales service of the equipment is crucial for the normal operation of the production line. Enterprises should select manufacturers with perfect after-sales service systems, which can provide professional installation, posada en marxa, formació, maintenance and spare parts supply services. We have a professional after-sales service team, which can respond to customer needs in a timely manner (provide solutions within 24 hores) and send technicians to the site for maintenance if necessary, ensuring the normal operation of the production line.

3.3.6 Consider the Flexibility and Expandability of the Equipment:

With the changes of market demand, enterprises may need to adjust their product types and filling amounts. Per tant, when selecting extruders, enterprises should consider the flexibility and expandability of the equipment. Our extruders adopt a modular design, which can be freely combined and upgraded according to the needs of enterprises, improving the flexibility and expandability of the equipment, and reducing the cost of equipment transformation.

4. Application Fields and Usage Methods of Filler Masterbatch

Masterbatch de farciment, com a additiu funcional clau en el processament de plàstics, has a wide range of application fields, covering various fields such as plastic packaging, construcció, automoció, electrònica, daily necessities and agriculture. Its core role is to reduce the production cost of plastic products while improving or maintaining the basic performance of plastic products. The following will introduce the specific application fields and usage methods of filler masterbatch in detail:

4.1 Application Fields of Filler Masterbatch

Filler masterbatch can be used in the processing of various plastic products, and different types of filler masterbatch have different application focuses. The main application fields are as follows:

4.1.1 Plastic Packaging Industry:

This is the largest application field of filler masterbatch, comptabilitzar més de 50% of the total application amount. Filler masterbatch is widely used in the production of plastic films, bosses de plàstic, woven bags, cintes d'embalatge, packaging containers and other packaging products.

• Plastic Films: Including plastic thin films, thick films, stretch films, greenhouse films, etc. The filler masterbatch used for plastic films is mainly light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or barium sulfate filler masterbatch, which requires good dispersibility, alta finesa i sense impureses, per garantir que la pel·lícula bufada no tingui taques blanques, punts negres o forats, and maintains good transparency, toughness and tensile strength. Adding an appropriate amount of filler masterbatch can not only reduce the production cost of the film, però també millora la rigidesa, heat resistance and dimensional stability of the film, and reduce the shrinkage rate of the film. Per exemple, in the production of plastic shopping bags, afegint 1%-3% of CaCO3 filler masterbatch can reduce the cost by 5%-10% without affecting the toughness and load-bearing capacity of the bags.
• Plastic Bags: Including shopping bags, vest bags, garbage bags, food packaging bags, etc. The filler masterbatch used for plastic bags is mainly heavy calcium carbonate filler masterbatch, which has low cost and good wear resistance. Adding 2%-5% of filler masterbatch can reduce the cost and improve the rigidity and wear resistance of the bags. For garbage bags, adding an appropriate amount of filler masterbatch can also improve the toughness and tear resistance of the bags, making them not easy to break.
• Woven Bags and Packaging Belts: Woven bags are widely used in the packaging of grain, fertilizer, ciment, chemical products and other goods; packaging belts are used for the bundling of goods. The filler masterbatch used for woven bags and packaging belts is mainly heavy calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or talc filler masterbatch, which requires high rigidity and wear resistance. Adding 5%-10% of filler masterbatch can improve the rigidity, tensile strength and wear resistance of woven bags and packaging belts, reduce the cost, and extend the service life of the products.
• Packaging Containers: Including plastic bottles, plastic barrels, plastic boxes, etc. The filler masterbatch used for packaging containers is mainly barium sulfate filler masterbatch or light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch, which requires good transparency and chemical stability. Adding an appropriate amount of filler masterbatch can reduce the cost and improve the rigidity and impact strength of the containers.

4.1.2 Plastic Construction Industry:

Filler masterbatch is widely used in the production of plastic pipes, plastic profiles, plastic sheets, plastic tiles and other construction products.

• Plastic Pipes: Including PVC pipes, Tubs de PE, PP pipes, etc., which are used for water supply, drenatge, gas transmission, cable protection and other fields. The filler masterbatch used for plastic pipes is mainly calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or talc filler masterbatch, which requires high rigidity, heat resistance and pressure resistance. Adding 5%-15% of filler masterbatch can improve the rigidity, heat distortion temperature and pressure resistance of the pipes, reduce the cost, and prevent the pipes from deforming under high temperature and pressure.
• Plastic Profiles: Including PVC profiles for doors and windows, plastic decorative profiles, etc. The filler masterbatch used for plastic profiles is mainly calcium carbonate filler masterbatch, which requires good weather resistance and impact strength. Adding 5%-10% of filler masterbatch can improve the rigidity, weather resistance and impact strength of the profiles, reduce the cost, and ensure the service life of the profiles in outdoor environments.
• Plastic Sheets: Including PVC sheets, Fulls de PE, làmines de PP, etc., which are used for indoor decoration, embalatge, waterproofing and other fields. The filler masterbatch used for plastic sheets is mainly calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or barium sulfate filler masterbatch, which requires good flatness and toughness. Adding 3%-8% of filler masterbatch can reduce the cost and improve the rigidity and toughness of the sheets.

4.1.3 Plastic Injection Molding Industry:

Filler masterbatch is widely used in the production of various injection molding products, such as plastic daily necessities, plastic toys, plastic parts, plastic shells and so on.

• Plastic Daily Necessities: Including plastic bowls, plastic plates, plastic cups, plastic baskets, plastic buckets and other daily necessities. The filler masterbatch used for these products is mainly calcium carbonate filler masterbatch, which has low cost and good safety. Adding 2%-5% of filler masterbatch can reduce the cost and improve the rigidity and impact strength of the products, making them not easy to break.
• Plastic Toys: Including various plastic toys for children. The filler masterbatch used for plastic toys is mainly light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or barium sulfate filler masterbatch, which requires high safety, no toxicitat, good dispersibility and no odor, in line with international toy safety standards (such as EN 71, ASTM F963). The particle size of the filler should be fine (a dalt 1250 malla) to avoid scratching children’s skin and ensure the smoothness of the toy surface. Adding 1%-3% of light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch can reduce the production cost of toys without affecting the toughness and colorability of the toys; barium sulfate filler masterbatch is suitable for transparent or semi-transparent plastic toys, which can improve the transparency and surface gloss of the toys, making them more beautiful.
• Plastic Parts and Shells: Including plastic parts for home appliances, automotive interior parts, electronic product shells, etc. The filler masterbatch used for these products is mainly talc filler masterbatch or glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch, which requires high rigidity, heat resistance and impact strength. Per exemple, in the production of automotive interior parts (such as instrument panels, panells de portes), afegint 5%-8% of talc filler masterbatch can improve the rigidity and heat distortion temperature of the parts, reduce the shrinkage rate, and make the parts not easy to deform under high temperature environment in the car; in the production of electronic product shells (such as mobile phone shells, router shells), afegint 3%-5% El masterbatch de farciment reforçat amb fibra de vidre pot millorar la resistència a l'impacte i la precisió dimensional de les closques, millorant la durabilitat dels productes.

4.1.4 Indústria del plàstic de l'automoció:

Amb la tendència de pes lleuger i estalvi d'energia a la indústria de l'automòbil, Els materials plàstics s'utilitzen àmpliament en la fabricació d'automòbils, i masterbatch de farciment, com a additiu funcional important, té un paper clau en la reducció de costos i la millora del rendiment. L'aplicació del masterbatch de farciment a la indústria del plàstic de l'automòbil es concentra principalment en peces interiors d'automoció, parts exteriors i parts funcionals.

• Parts interiors d'automoció: Inclou quadres d'instruments, panells de portes, coixins de seient, recolzabraços, etc. Aquestes peces tenen alts requisits de rigidesa, resistència a la calor, baixa olor i protecció del medi ambient. Talc filler masterbatch and calcium carbonate filler masterbatch are the most commonly used products. Talc filler masterbatch can significantly improve the rigidity and heat resistance of polypropylene (PP) materials, making the interior parts have good dimensional stability; calcium carbonate filler masterbatch has the advantages of low cost and good processing fluidity, which can reduce the production cost of interior parts. Per exemple, afegint 6%-10% of talc filler masterbatch to PP instrument panels can improve the heat distortion temperature by 15-25℃, and reduce the production cost by 8%-12%.
• Automotive Exterior Parts: Including bumpers, parafangs, door handles, etc. These parts are exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time, so they have high requirements on weather resistance, impact strength and UV resistance. The filler masterbatch used for exterior parts is mainly talc filler masterbatch or barium sulfate filler masterbatch, which is usually compounded with weather-resistant additives. Adding 4%-7% of talc filler masterbatch can improve the impact strength and rigidity of the exterior parts, enhance their resistance to external impact; barium sulfate filler masterbatch can improve the weather resistance and color retention of the exterior parts, making them not easy to fade and aging under the action of sunlight and rain.
• Automotive Functional Parts: Including air intake pipes, cooling system parts, battery casings, etc. These parts have high requirements on heat resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical properties. The filler masterbatch used for functional parts is mainly glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch or special mineral filler masterbatch. Per exemple, afegint 10%-15% of glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch to the air intake pipe can improve the heat resistance and pressure resistance of the pipe, ensuring its normal operation under high temperature and high pressure; adding barium sulfate filler masterbatch to the battery casing can improve the radiation resistance and chemical stability of the casing, ensuring the safety of the battery.

4.1.5 Electronic and Electrical Plastic Industry:

Electronic and electrical products have high requirements on the flame retardancy, aïllament, dimensional accuracy and heat resistance of plastic materials. Filler masterbatch is widely used in the production of plastic parts of electronic and electrical products, such as wire and cable sheaths, transformer casings, connector housings, etc.

• Wire and Cable Sheaths: The plastic sheaths of wires and cables need to have good insulation, resistència al desgast, flame retardancy and weather resistance. The filler masterbatch used for wire and cable sheaths is mainly calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or flame-retardant filler masterbatch. Adding 3%-6% of calcium carbonate filler masterbatch can improve the wear resistance and rigidity of the sheath, reduce the cost; flame-retardant filler masterbatch (such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide filler masterbatch) can improve the flame retardancy of the sheath, preventing the spread of fire in case of short circuit, ensuring the safety of the circuit.
• Transformer Casings and Connector Housings: These parts need to have good insulation, heat resistance and dimensional accuracy. The filler masterbatch used is mainly talc filler masterbatch or glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch. Adding 5%-8% of talc filler masterbatch can improve the heat resistance and dimensional stability of the parts, making them not easy to deform under long-term high temperature operation; glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch can improve the impact strength and insulation of the parts, ensuring the normal operation of electronic and electrical products.

4.1.6 Agricultural Plastic Industry:

Agricultural plastic products (such as greenhouse films, mulch films, irrigation pipes, fertilizer bags) have the characteristics of large dosage, low cost and harsh use environment. Filler masterbatch can effectively reduce the production cost of agricultural plastic products and improve their service life.

• Greenhouse Films and Mulch Films: These products need to have good transparency, duresa, weather resistance and anti-aging properties. The filler masterbatch used is mainly light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or barium sulfate filler masterbatch. Adding 1%-4% of light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch can reduce the cost of the film, improve its toughness and anti-aging properties, and extend the service life of the film; barium sulfate filler masterbatch can improve the transparency and light transmittance of the film, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of crops.
• Irrigation Pipes and Fertilizer Bags: Irrigation pipes need to have good pressure resistance and wear resistance; fertilizer bags need to have good toughness and wear resistance. The filler masterbatch used is mainly heavy calcium carbonate filler masterbatch or talc filler masterbatch. Adding 5%-10% of heavy calcium carbonate filler masterbatch can improve the pressure resistance and wear resistance of irrigation pipes, reduce the cost; afegint 3%-6% of talc filler masterbatch can improve the toughness and wear resistance of fertilizer bags, making them not easy to break during transportation and use.

4.2 Usage Methods of Filler Masterbatch

The correct use of filler masterbatch is crucial to ensure the quality of plastic products and give full play to the performance of the masterbatch. The usage methods of filler masterbatch mainly include mixing ratio, mixing method, processing parameter adjustment and precautions. The specific operation points are as follows:

4.2.1 Determination of Mixing Ratio:

The mixing ratio of filler masterbatch and base plastic (carrier resin of plastic products) is mainly determined by the filling amount of the masterbatch, the performance requirements of the final product and the processing capacity of the equipment. The general mixing ratio range is 1%-20%, and the specific ratio can be adjusted according to the following principles:

• For plastic products with low performance requirements and high cost control requirements (such as ordinary plastic bags, garbage bags), the mixing ratio can be 5%-20% (using low-to-medium filling calcium carbonate filler masterbatch);
• For plastic products with medium performance requirements (com ara pel·lícules de plàstic, ordinary injection molding parts), the mixing ratio can be 2%-8% (using medium filling calcium carbonate, talc or barium sulfate filler masterbatch);
• For plastic products with high performance requirements (com ara peces d'automòbils, electronic product shells, high-grade films), the mixing ratio can be 1%-5% (using high-filling, high-performance talc, barium sulfate or glass fiber reinforced filler masterbatch);
• For transparent or semi-transparent plastic products (such as plastic bottles, transparent films), the mixing ratio should be controlled at 1%-3%, and barium sulfate or light calcium carbonate filler masterbatch with fine particle size (a dalt 1250 malla) should be selected to avoid affecting the transparency of the products.

4.2.2 Mixing Method:

The mixing of filler masterbatch and base plastic should ensure uniformity, so as to avoid local agglomeration of the masterbatch and affect the performance of the final product. The common mixing methods include dry mixing and wet mixing, among which dry mixing is the most widely used in industrial production.

• Dry Mixing: This method is suitable for most filler masterbatch and base plastic (com el PE, PP, PVC). The specific steps are: primer, dry the base plastic particles and filler masterbatch to remove moisture (the moisture content should be controlled below 0.5%); then, put the base plastic particles and filler masterbatch into a high-speed mixer according to the determined mixing ratio, and add an appropriate amount of lubricant (if necessary) to mix uniformly. La velocitat de mescla és generalment 500-800 rpm, i el temps de barreja és 3-5 minuts. Després de barrejar, the mixture can be directly sent to the extruder or injection molding machine for processing. The advantages of dry mixing are simple operation, alta eficiència, low cost and no pollution to the product.
• Wet Mixing: This method is suitable for filler masterbatch with poor dispersibility or base plastic with high viscosity (such as PVC paste). The specific steps are: mix the filler masterbatch with an appropriate amount of solvent (such as plasticizer, solvent oil) to form a paste, then add the paste to the base plastic and stir uniformly, and finally remove the solvent through heating or drying. The advantages of wet mixing are good mixing effect and uniform dispersion of the masterbatch; the disadvantages are complex operation, high cost, and easy residual solvent affecting the product quality. Per tant, wet mixing is only used in special cases.

4.2.3 Adjustment of Processing Parameters:

When adding filler masterbatch to plastic processing, the processing parameters (such as temperature, pressió, velocitat del cargol) need to be properly adjusted according to the type and filling amount of the masterbatch to ensure the smooth progress of processing and the quality of the final product.

• Temperature Adjustment: The addition of filler masterbatch will increase the viscosity of the mixture, so the processing temperature needs to be appropriately increased by 5-15℃ compared with the processing temperature of pure base plastic. Per exemple, when processing PE plastic with calcium carbonate filler masterbatch, the processing temperature can be increased by 5-10℃; when processing PP plastic with talc filler masterbatch, the processing temperature can be increased by 10-15℃. It should be noted that the temperature should not be too high to avoid thermal decomposition of the base plastic and additives.
• Pressure Adjustment: The addition of filler masterbatch will increase the resistance during processing, so the processing pressure (extrusion pressure, injection pressure) needs to be appropriately increased by 10%-20%. Per exemple, when extruding plastic pipes with filler masterbatch, the extrusion pressure can be increased by 10%-15% to ensure the compactness and dimensional accuracy of the pipes; when injecting plastic parts with filler masterbatch, the injection pressure can be increased by 15%-20% to avoid defects such as insufficient filling and shrinkage.
• Screw Speed Adjustment: The screw speed should be adjusted according to the type and filling amount of the masterbatch. For high-filling masterbatch or masterbatch with poor dispersibility, the screw speed can be appropriately increased by 10%-15% to enhance the shear force and mixing effect, ensuring the uniform dispersion of the filler; for low-filling masterbatch or masterbatch with good dispersibility, the screw speed can be kept unchanged or slightly reduced to reduce energy consumption and wear of equipment.

4.2.4 Precautions for Use:

In the process of using filler masterbatch, the following precautions should be paid attention to to avoid affecting the processing effect and product quality:

• Moisture Prevention: Masterbatch de farciment (especially calcium carbonate, talc masterbatch) is easy to absorb moisture, which will cause bubbles, pinholes and other defects in the final product. Per tant, the masterbatch should be stored in a dry, magatzem fresc i ventilat, and should be dried before use (the drying temperature is 80-100℃, and the drying time is 2-4 hores).
• Compatibilitat: The carrier resin of the filler masterbatch should be consistent with or compatible with the base plastic of the product. Per exemple, PE filler masterbatch should be used with PE base plastic, and PP filler masterbatch should be used with PP base plastic. If the carrier resin is incompatible with the base plastic, it will affect the compatibility between the masterbatch and the base plastic, resulting in poor dispersibility and reduced product performance.
• Uniform Mixing: The filler masterbatch and base plastic must be mixed uniformly. If the mixing is uneven, local agglomeration of the masterbatch will occur, resulting in defects such as white spots, black spots and agglomeration in the product, affecting the appearance and performance of the product.
• Dosage Control: The dosage of filler masterbatch should not exceed the maximum filling amount applicable to the equipment and product performance. Excessive dosage will lead to poor dispersibility, low toughness, poor processing fluidity and other problems of the product; insufficient dosage will not achieve the effect of cost reduction and performance improvement.
• Storage Period: The filler masterbatch has a certain storage period (generalment 6-12 mesos). If the storage period is exceeded, the masterbatch may absorb moisture, agglomerate or the performance of additives may degrade, affecting the use effect. Per tant, the masterbatch should be used within the storage period.

5. Common Problems and Solutions in Filler Masterbatch Production

In the production process of filler masterbatch, due to the influence of raw materials, formula, processing equipment and processing parameters, various problems may occur, which affect the quality and production efficiency of the masterbatch. This chapter will summarize the common problems in filler masterbatch production, analyze their causes, and put forward targeted solutions to help enterprises solve production pain points and improve product quality stability.

5.1 Common Quality Problems of Filler Masterbatch and Their Solutions

5.1.1 Poor Dispersibility of Filler Masterbatch:

This is the most common quality problem in filler masterbatch production. The main manifestations are: the masterbatch has agglomeration, and after mixing with the base plastic, white spots, black spots or agglomeration appear in the final product, which affects the appearance and performance of the product.

Causes: 1) The particle size of the inorganic filler is too large or uneven, and the agglomerates are not broken during premixing; 2) The dosage of dispersant is insufficient or the type of dispersant is inappropriate, which cannot effectively prevent the agglomeration of the filler; 3) The premixing effect is poor, and the filler, carrier resin and additives are not mixed uniformly; 4) The shear force of the extruder is insufficient, and the agglomerates of the filler cannot be fully broken during extrusion; 5) The processing temperature is too low, and the carrier resin is not fully melted, which affects the dispersion of the filler.

Solucions: 1) Select inorganic fillers with fine and uniform particle size (generalment 800-2000 malla), and sieve the fillers before use to remove large particles and agglomerates; 2) Increase the dosage of dispersant appropriately (within the range of 1%-3% of the filler dosage) or replace with a dispersant compatible with the filler and carrier resin; 3) Optimize the premixing process, increase the mixing speed (800-1200 rpm) and mixing time (5-10 minuts), and control the mixing temperature at 40-60℃ to improve the premixing uniformity; 4) Adjust the screw structure of the extruder, increase the number of shearing elements, or increase the screw speed to enhance the shear force; 5) Appropriately increase the processing temperature of the extruder to ensure that the carrier resin is fully melted, which is conducive to the dispersion of the filler.

5.1.2 Uneven Particle Size of Filler Masterbatch:

The main manifestations are: the particle size of the masterbatch varies greatly, some particles are too large, some are too small, and there are more powdery materials, which affects the fluidity of the masterbatch and the uniformity of mixing with the base plastic.

Causes: 1) The size of the die hole of the extruder die head is uneven or blocked; 2) The extrusion speed and the cutting speed of the granulator are not matched; 3) The cooling effect is poor, and the strips are not fully solidified before cutting, resulting in uneven cutting; 4) The viscosity of the mixture is uneven, and the extrusion speed of the strips is inconsistent.

Solucions: 1) Clean the die head regularly, check and replace the die plate with uneven die holes, ensure that the size of each die hole is consistent; 2) Adjust the extrusion speed and the cutting speed of the granulator to make them matched (the cutting speed should be slightly higher than the extrusion speed of the strips); 3) Optimize the cooling process, increase the cooling water flow or extend the cooling time, ensure that the strips are fully solidified (the surface temperature of the strips after cooling is 20-30℃); 4) Adjust the formula ratio and processing parameters to ensure the uniform viscosity of the mixture, and avoid the inconsistency of the extrusion speed of the strips.

5.1.3 Low Melting Index of Filler Masterbatch

The main manifestations are: the fluidity of the masterbatch is poor, it is difficult to mix with the base plastic during processing, and the processing efficiency is low, which even leads to equipment blockage.

Causes:

• The filling amount of the filler is too high, which increases the viscosity of the masterbatch and reduces the fluidity;
• The type of carrier resin is inappropriate (the melting index of the carrier resin is too low);
• The processing temperature is too low, and the carrier resin is not fully melted;
• The dosage of lubricant is insufficient, which increases the friction between the materials and affects the fluidity.

Solucions:

• Reduce the filling amount of the filler appropriately, or select a filler with better dispersibility to improve the fluidity;
• Replace the carrier resin with a higher melting index (per exemple, use PE carrier resin with a melting index of 2-5g/10min for PE filler masterbatch);
• Appropriately increase the processing temperature of the extruder to ensure that the carrier resin is fully melted, improving the fluidity of the masterbatch;
• Increase the dosage of lubricant appropriately (within the range of 0.3%-1%), reduce the friction between the materials, and improve the fluidity.

5.1.4 Yellowing of Filler Masterbatch

The main manifestations are: the color of the masterbatch turns yellow, which affects the appearance of the final plastic product (especially light-colored products).

Causes:

• The thermal stability of the carrier resin is poor, and thermal decomposition occurs at high processing temperatures;
• The additives (such as dispersants, lubricants) are decomposed at high temperatures, producing yellow substances;
• The processing temperature is too high, leading to the oxidation and yellowing of the masterbatch;
• The filler contains impurities (such as iron oxide), which causes the masterbatch to turn yellow.

Solucions:

• Select carrier resin with good thermal stability (such as adding antioxidants to the carrier resin);
• Replace additives with good thermal stability, avoid using additives that are easy to decompose at high temperatures;
• Reduce the processing temperature appropriately, avoid the oxidation and decomposition of the masterbatch;
• Screen the filler before use, remove impurities, and select fillers with high purity (such as calcium carbonate with a whiteness of ≥93).

5.1.5 High Moisture Content of Filler Masterbatch

The main manifestations are: bombolles, pinholes and other defects appear in the final plastic product after the masterbatch is mixed with the base plastic.

Causes:

• The filler is not dried thoroughly, and the moisture content exceeds 0.5%;
• The carrier resin or additives contain moisture;
• The masterbatch absorbs moisture during storage (stored in a humid environment);
• The premixing process is carried out in a humid environment, and the materials absorb moisture.

Solucions:

• Extend the drying time of the filler (drying temperature 80-100℃, drying time 3-5 hores), and detect the moisture content of the filler to ensure that it is below 0.5%;
• Dry the carrier resin and additives before use to remove moisture;
• Store the masterbatch in a dry, magatzem fresc i ventilat, and seal the packaging to prevent moisture absorption;
• Carry out the premixing process in a dry environment, and avoid the materials absorbing moisture from the air.

5.2 Common Production Equipment Problems and Their Solutions

5.2.1 Extruder Blockage

This is a common equipment problem in filler masterbatch production, which mainly occurs in the feeding section, melting section or die head of the extruder. The main manifestations are: the extrusion speed decreases sharply, the extrusion pressure rises rapidly, and even the equipment stops running.

Causes:

• The moisture content of the materials is too high, and the materials caking during extrusion;
• The processing temperature is too low, and the carrier resin is not fully melted, which accumulates in the extruder barrel;
• The materials contain impurities (such as stones, metals), which block the screw or die head;
• The screw speed is too low, and the materials cannot be pushed forward smoothly, resulting in accumulation;
• The die head is not cleaned regularly, and the residual materials block the die holes.

Solucions:

• Stop the machine immediately, cut off the power supply, and dry the materials thoroughly before restarting;
• Increase the processing temperature of the extruder, and wait for the materials in the barrel to be fully melted before continuing to extrude;
• Disassemble the extruder, remove the impurities blocking the screw or die head, and screen the materials before use to remove impurities;
• Increase the screw speed appropriately to ensure that the materials are pushed forward smoothly;
• Clean the die head regularly (after each production batch) to remove residual materials and avoid die hole blockage.

5.2.2 Severe Wear of Extruder Screw and Barrel

The main manifestations are: the shear force and extrusion pressure of the extruder decrease, the dispersibility of the masterbatch becomes poor, the production efficiency decreases, and the screw and barrel have obvious wear marks.

Causes:

• The filler has high hardness (such as heavy calcium carbonate, talc) and long-term friction with the screw and barrel;
• The materials contain impurities (such as metals, stones), which accelerate the wear of the screw and barrel;
• The processing temperature is too low, and the materials have high viscosity, which increases the friction between the materials and the screw, barril;
• The screw and barrel are made of materials with poor wear resistance.

Solucions:

• Select extruders with high wear resistance (such as screw and barrel with bimetallic composite treatment or laser cladding treatment), such as our HTS PLUS series and HTS SUPER series extruders;
• Screen the materials before use to remove impurities, and select fillers with appropriate hardness;
• Appropriately increase the processing temperature to reduce the viscosity of the materials and reduce friction;
• Regularly check the wear degree of the screw and barrel, and replace the worn components in time;
• Add an appropriate amount of lubricant to the materials to reduce the friction between the materials and the screw, barril.

5.2.4 Unstable Temperature Control of Extruder

The main manifestations are: the temperature of each section of the extruder fluctuates greatly (exceeding ±1℃), resulting in uneven melting of the materials, poor dispersibility of the masterbatch, and unstable product quality.

Causes:

• The temperature control system of the extruder is faulty (such as temperature sensor damage, heating ring failure);
• The cooling system of the extruder is abnormal (such as insufficient cooling water flow, cooling fan failure);
• The processing environment temperature fluctuates greatly, affecting the temperature control of the extruder;
• The heating power of the extruder is insufficient or uneven.

Solucions:

• Check the temperature control system regularly, replace the damaged temperature sensor and heating ring, and calibrate the temperature control instrument;
• Check the cooling system, ensure sufficient cooling water flow, and repair the faulty cooling fan;
• Control the processing environment temperature (keep it at 20-30℃), avoid large temperature fluctuations;
• Increase the heating power of the extruder appropriately, or check the heating circuit to ensure uniform heating of each section.

6. Conclusion and Outlook

Masterbatch de farciment, as a key functional additive in the plastic processing industry, plays an irreplaceable role in reducing production costs, millorar el rendiment del producte i optimitzar l'eficiència del processament. With the rapid development of the global plastic industry and the continuous upgrading of downstream product requirements, the filler masterbatch industry is moving towards high performance, funcionalització, high filling amount, protecció del medi ambient i intel·ligència. Extrusion granulation technology, com a tecnologia bàsica de la producció de masterbatch de farciment, directly determines the quality and competitiveness of the masterbatch. The performance of extruders is the key to ensuring the stable production of high-quality filler masterbatch.

We have developed a full range of twin-screw extruder products (HTS BASIC series, HTS PLUS series, HTS SUPER series, ZTE series, HTE series) according to the characteristics of filler masterbatch raw materials and processing requirements. Our extruders have the advantages of high wear resistance, strong shearing and mixing capacity, control precís de la temperatura, wide application range, high production efficiency and low energy consumption, which can meet the processing needs of various types and different filling amounts of filler masterbatch. By providing targeted extruder products and professional processing solutions, we help filler masterbatch manufacturers solve production pain points, improve production efficiency, garantir la qualitat del producte, i obtenir un avantatge competitiu en la ferotge competència del mercat.

Looking forward to the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and the increasingly strict environmental protection policies, the filler masterbatch industry will face new opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the demand for high-performance, functional and environmental protection filler masterbatch (such as degradable filler masterbatch, flame-retardant and antistatic filler masterbatch) will continue to grow, which will put higher requirements on extrusion technology and equipment performance; d'altra banda, the intelligence and automation level of production equipment will continue to improve, and intelligent granulation production lines integrating raw material pretreatment, granulació per extrusió, screening packaging and data monitoring will become the development trend.

We will continue to focus on the research and development of extrusion technology and equipment, keep up with the development trend of the filler masterbatch industry, continuously optimize product performance, develop more high-performance, energy-saving and intelligent extruders and granulation production lines, and provide more professional and comprehensive solutions for filler masterbatch manufacturers. Al mateix temps, we will strengthen cooperation with upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry, promote the technological progress and high-quality development of the filler masterbatch industry, and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of the global plastic industry.